{"ID":52636,"name":"Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1982\/82-354","view_count":0,"docket_number":"82-354","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States, et al.","second_party":"State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[420181200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/34275"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[425278800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/34276"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[405583200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53517"}],"lower_court":{"ID":16,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/16"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1966, Congress passed the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, which gave the Secretary of Transportation the power to issue motor vehicle safety standards. The Secretary also has the ability to delegate that power to another agency, in this case the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA). The Act also authorizes judicial review to determine whether the NHTSA acted arbitrarily and capriciously.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1967, the Department of Transportation first issued Standard 208, which at that point only required all automobiles to have seat belts. By 1975, Standard 208 had been revised multiple times to require passive restraints, such as airbags and seat belts that would operate automatically and not require action on the part of the occupants. Because of the unpopularity of the standard, in 1974 Congress amended the Act to allow alternative safety measures. In 1976, Secretary of Transportation William Coleman suspended the passive restraint requirement entirely. The succeeding Secretary of Transportation, Brock Adams, issued Modified Standard 208, which required passive restraints in large cars of model year 1982 or later and in all cars of model year 1984 or later. In 1981, Secretary of Transportation Andrew Lewis began reconsidering Modified Standard 208. The NHTSA rescinded the passive restraint requirement of Modified Standard 208 because it determined that the restraints would not have the expected safety benefits, so the requirement would not be reasonable or practicable.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EState Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company and the National Association of Independent Insurers filed for review of the NHTSA\u2019s decision, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that the NHTSA\u2019s decision to rescind the standard was arbitrary and capricious. The Court of Appeals held that there was not enough evidence to support the NHTSA\u2019s position and that the NHTSA failed to properly consider alternative possibilities under which the standard could be effective.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas the NHTSA\u2019s decision to rescind Modified Standard 208 arbitrary and capricious?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Byron R. White delivered the opinion of the unanimous Court. The Supreme Court held that the rescission of a standard should be reviewed based on whether the decision was arbitrary or capricious. Because the removal of a standard often entails the same level of policy changes as the promulgation of a law, it should be reviewed under the same tests. The Court also held that the Court of Appeals, while correctly finding that the rescission was arbitrary and capricious, relied too strongly on an inferred congressional mandate for passive restraints. The Court held that, by rescinding Modified Standard 208 without considering alternatives and consequences, the NHTSA did not provide evidence for its decision and therefore acted arbitrarily and capriciously. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part, Justice William H. Rehnquist wrote that the NHTSA did not provide adequate analysis for rescinding the requirements regarding airbags and continuous spool seat belts, but it did explain its decision in regards to detachable belts. He also argued that it is reasonable for an agency to reassess its priorities over time, as happened in this case. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., and Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor joined in the partial concurrence and partial dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34255,"name":"Lloyd N. 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