{"ID":52902,"name":"United States v. Cronic","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1983\/82-660","view_count":0,"docket_number":"82-660","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"United States","second_party":"Harrison P. Cronic","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[442562400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/34768"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[453358800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/34769"}],"lower_court":{"ID":14,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/14"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EDuring a four-month period in 1975, Harrison P. Cronic, along with Carolyn Cummings and Wylie C. Merritt, participated in a mail fraud that involved transferring more than $9,400,000 in checks between a bank in Tampa, FL, and one in Norman, OK. The three were indicted on mail fraud charges. Shortly before trial, Cronic\u2019s counsel withdrew and the court appointed a lawyer for him. The court appointed a lawyer who specialized in real estate law and only had 25 days to prepare for the trial, compared to the government\u2019s almost five years. Cummings and Merritt agreed to testify for the government. The jury found Cronic guilty and he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court of Appeals concluded that Cronic\u2019s Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel had been violated and reversed the conviction.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E Must there be proof of specific errors on the part of counsel in order to show a violation of the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the unanimous opinion. 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