{"ID":52819,"name":"Dun \u0026 Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1983\/83-18","view_count":0,"docket_number":"83-18","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Dun \u0026 Bradstreet, Inc.","second_party":"Greenmoss Builders, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Reargued","dates":[465627600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51818"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[488610000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52141"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[448696800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52142"}],"lower_court":{"ID":68,"name":"Vermont Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/68"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EDun and Bradstreet, a credit reporting agency, mistakenly reported to some of its subscribers that the construction contractor Greenmoss Builders had voluntarily filed for bankruptcy. The president of Greenmoss quickly learned about the erroneous report, requested Bradstreet to correct its error, and asked for the list of subscribers who received the report. Bradstreet refused to release the names on the list, but issued a correction to its five subscribers who received the original report. The correction stated that actually a former employee of Greenmoss had filed for bankruptcy and that Greenmoss Builders \u0022continued in business as usual.\u0022 Greenmoss was dissatisfied with the correction and again asked for the list. When Bradstreet refused a second time, Greenmoss filed suit against it for defamation in a Vermont state court. The court discovered that a 17-year-old high student interning for Bradstreet had caused the error and the jury awarded $350,000 to Greenmoss in compensatory and punitive damages. Bradstreet claimed that contrary to the Supreme Court\u0027s ruling in \u003Cem\u003EGertz v. Robert Welch\u003C\/em\u003E, the trial judge told the jury that it could award punitive damages even if Bradford did not make mistakes intentionally or out of recklessness. The court granted Bradstreet\u0027s motion for retrial, but the Vermont Supreme Court ruled that \u003Cem\u003EGertz\u003C\/em\u003E only applied to cases involving defamation by the media.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIf a trial judge does not instruct the jury to only award punitive damages caused by intentional slander or reckless conduct, can a jury still award punitive damages to a plaintiff defamed by private speech?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Lewis Powell authored the opinion for a 5-4 court. Although the trial court correctly perceived that the trial judge\u0027s instructions did not satisfy the requirements of \u003Cem\u003EGertz\u003C\/em\u003E, the Court held that \u003Cem\u003EGertz\u003C\/em\u003E did not apply since the present case did not involve public speech. Instead the Court looked to apply the logic of \u003Cem\u003EGertz\u003C\/em\u003E to situations concerning private speech. The Court reasoned that laws regulating defamation suits aimed to \u0022balance the State\u0027s interest in compensating private individuals for injury to their reputation against the First Amendment interest in protecting this type [Bradstreet\u0027s] of expression.\u0022 Because the First Amendment offers less protection to private speech than to public speech, and especially less to speech \u0022being solely motived by a desire for profit,\u0022 damages caused by it can result in heavier penalties and broader conditions for convictions. Therefore states can allow the recovery of punitive damages in defamation cases involving private speech even when the perpetrator does not demonstrate \u0022actual malice.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":25379,"name":"Gordon Lee Garrett, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/gordon_lee_garrett","view_count":0,"last_name":"Garrett,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"gordon_lee_garrett"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/12978"},{"advocate":{"ID":42855,"name":"Thomas F. 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