{"ID":53090,"name":"Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1984\/83-1466","view_count":0,"docket_number":"83-1466","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Supreme Court of New Hampshire","second_party":"Piper","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[468050400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35123"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[478764000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35124"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[451548000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53518"}],"lower_court":{"ID":6,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/6"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EKathryn Piper was a resident of Lower Waterford, Vermont, which is about 400 yards away from the New Hampshire border. In 1979, she applied to take the 1980 New Hampshire Bar Examination and submitted her statement of intent to become a New Hampshire resident. Piper passed the New Hampshire Bar and was informed she would have to establish a home address in New Hampshire before being sworn in. In May 1980, Piper requested a dispensation from the residency requirement due to special circumstances and the fact that she met all of the other requirements. When her request was denied, she formally petitioned the New Hampshire Supreme Court to become a member of the bar. The New Hampshire Supreme Court denied her petition on December 31, 1980.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn March 22, 1982, Piper sued the New Hampshire Supreme Court in district court and argued that the residency requirement violates the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The district court granted Piper\u2019s motion for summary judgment and found that the requirement violated the Privileges and Immunities Clause. The U.S. Court of Appeals affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the residency requirement for admission to the New Hampshire Bar violate the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Constitution?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. delivered the opinion of the 8-1 majority. The Court held that the Privileges and Immunities Clause was intended to create one economic union out of a collection of states, and so it was relevant to employment and business regulations. Specifically the legal profession plays a crucial rule in the national economy, and therefore the ability to practice should be considered a \u201cfundamental right\u201d that is protected by the Privileges and Immunities Clause. The Court also held that, because a lawyer is not an officer of the State, there is no substantial reason for New Hampshire to exclude non-residents from the bar.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Byron R. White wrote a concurring opinion and argued that, other than the location of Piper\u2019s home, there was nothing to distinguish her from any other New Hampshire lawyer. He found that the residency requirement should not apply in her case, but he did not think the majority\u2019s opinion needed to reach any finding regarding the Constitutional validity of the residency requirement in general.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his dissenting opinion, Justice William H. Rehnquist argued that the practice of law differed from other professions in that it does not always readily translate across state lines, as laws and their enforcement often differ in different localities. He also argued that the state had substantial reasons to exclude out-of-state lawyers from the bar.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":31947,"name":"Jon Meyer","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/jon_meyer","view_count":0,"last_name":"Meyer","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"jon_meyer"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Appellee","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13592"},{"advocate":{"ID":35921,"name":"Martin L. 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