{"ID":53057,"name":"City of Oklahoma City v. Tuttle","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1984\/83-1919","view_count":0,"docket_number":"83-1919","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"City of Oklahoma City","second_party":"Rose Marie Tuttle, Individually and as Administratrix of the Estate of Tuttle","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[474012000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35060"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[486622800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35061"}],"lower_court":{"ID":14,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/14"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn October 10, 1980, an Oklahoma City police officer shot and killed Albert Tuttle outside a bar. Rose Marie Tuttle, Albert\u2019s widow, sued the police officer and the city in district court under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, which allows an individual to recover damages against a party who \u201cacting under color of state law\u201d deprives another of his constitutional rights. The district court instructed the jury that the city could be held liable only if the incident had been caused by a municipal \u201cpolicy,\u201d but a single, unusually excessive use of force could support a finding that the city was grossly negligent or deliberately indifferent in the training or supervision of its police force and was therefore liable under Section 1983. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the police officer but against the city and awarded Tuttle\u2019s estate $1.5 million in damages. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a single, isolated incident of the use of excessive force by a police officer establish an official policy or practice of a municipality that renders it liable for damages under Section 1983?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice William H. Rehnquist delivered the opinion for the four-justice plurality. The plurality held that the district court\u2019s instructions to the jury improperly allowed a plaintiff to impose liability on the city without proof of a single action taken by a municipal policy maker. The plurality further concluded that proof of a single incident of unconstitutional activity is not sufficient to impose liability on a city for a policy that is not in and of itself unconstitutional.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. wrote an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment in which he argued that Section 1983 does not permit a city to be held liable on a theory of strict responsibility for its non-policy-making employees. Instead, municipalities are liable for constitutional deprivations caused by an official policy or custom. Because the jury could have found the city liable solely because the police officer\u2019s actions were so excessive and out of the ordinary, Justice Brennan concurred with the judgment reached by the Court. Justice Thurgood Marshall and Justice Harry A. Blackmun joined in the opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John Paul Stevens wrote a dissent in which he argued that cities should be held liable under Section 1983 for the unconstitutional acts of their agents that are performed in the court of their official duties.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":17496,"name":"Burk Bailey","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/burk_bailey","view_count":0,"last_name":"Bailey","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"burk_bailey"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13513"},{"advocate":{"ID":19145,"name":"Carl Hughes","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/carl_hughes","view_count":0,"last_name":"Hughes","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"carl_hughes"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13514"},{"advocate":{"ID":17413,"name":"Burck Bailey","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/burck_bailey","view_count":0,"last_name":"Bailey","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"burck_bailey"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13515"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":19085,"title":"Oral Argument - January 08, 1985","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/19085"}],"citation":{"volume":"471","page":"808","year":"1985","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/16985"},"decisions":[{"description":null,"votes":[{"member":{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. 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