{"ID":53034,"name":"United States v. Montoya de Hernandez","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1984\/84-755","view_count":0,"docket_number":"84-755","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"United States","second_party":"Rosa Elvira Montoya de Hernandez","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[483170400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35015"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[489042000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35016"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[475135200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53579"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ECustoms officials stopped Rosa Elvira Montoya de Hernandez at the Los Angeles Airport, where she arrived after a flight from Bogota, Columbia.  Montoya de Hernandez\u2019s passport revealed eight recent trips from Bogota to Miami or Los Angeles.  After further questioning, officials detained Montoya de Hernandez under suspicion that she was smuggling drugs in her alimentary canal.  After 16 hours of detention where Montoya de Hernandez did not speak or use the bathroom, officials obtained a court order for an x-ray and other tests.  At the hospital, a doctor removed a balloon filled with cocaine from her rectum.  Over the next four days, Montoya de Hernandez passed 88 balloons filled with cocaine, totaling 528 grams.  At trial, the district court admitted the cocaine into evidence and convicted Montoya de Hernandez on federal drug charges.  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed, holding that Montoya de Hernandez\u2019s detention violated the Fourth Amendment because customs officials did not have a \u201cclear indication\u201d that she was smuggling drugs.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003ECould Montoya de Hernandez be lawfully be detained for the period of four days by customs officials who reasonably suspected that she was attempting to smuggle illegal drugs in her body?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes.  Justice William H. Rehnquist, writing for a 7-2 majority, reversed the court of appeals.   The Supreme Court held that detention of a traveler at an international border is justified if customs agents reasonably suspect that the traveler is smuggling illegal drugs in their body.  The facts in this case supported that reasonable suspicion.  Given the manner in which the drugs were concealed, Montoya de Hernandez\u2019s detention was not unreasonably long.  Justice John Paul Stevens concurred in the judgment, writing that the detention was justified because Montoya de Hernandez refused to consent to the x-ray.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brenan dissented, arguing that government officials should not have a lower standard for detaining someone at an international border than in the interior of the United States.  Indefinite detentions are only reasonable with approval of a magistrate, and that approval can only be given if there is probable cause.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37970,"name":"Peter Marvin Horstman","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/peter_marvin_horstman","view_count":0,"last_name":"Horstman","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"peter_marvin_horstman"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13459"},{"advocate":{"ID":15933,"name":"Mr. Andrew L. 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