{"ID":53263,"name":"Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1985\/83-2004","view_count":0,"docket_number":"83-2004","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Ltd.","second_party":"Zenith Radio Corporation","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[500623200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35449"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[512114400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52171"}],"lower_court":{"ID":8,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/8"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1974, Zenith Radio Corporation, an American manufacturer of consumer electronic products, and National Union Electronic Company (collectively referred to as Zenith) sued 21 Japanese-owned or -controlled manufacturers of consumer electronics and claimed that these companies conspired to drive the American companies out of the market. According to Zenith, the Japanese companies conspired to set artificially high prices for their products in Japan to offset the artificially low prices of their products in America, which was harmful to the American companies. Zenith claimed this conspiracy was a violation of several anti-trust laws intended to prevent price-fixing. The Japanese companies filed a motion for summary judgment. After finding the bulk of Zenith\u2019s evidence inadmissible, the district court held that the admissible evidence did not raise a genuine issue of material fact and granted the motion for summary judgment in favor of the Japanese companies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reversed and held that most of Zenith\u2019s evidence was admissible. On the merits of the case, and in light of the greater amount of admissible evidence, the Court of Appeals held that a reasonable factfinder could find evidence of a conspiracy and that the district court improperly granted the summary judgment in favor of the Japanese companies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the Court of Appeals apply the proper standards in evaluating the decision of the district court?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. delivered the opinion for the 5-4 majority. The Supreme Court held that evidence of alleged conspiracies is not sufficient to prove allegations of violating antitrust legislation unless there is evidence that the conspiracies in question injured American companies. To effectively oppose the motion for summary judgment, the evidence must show that the respondents suffered harm as a result of the petitioners\u2019 illegal activity and that there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial. The Court also held that all inferences drawn in a motion for summary judgment must be construed in the light most favorable to the side opposing the motion, but in antitrust cases those inferences are constrained by economic factors. In this case, the alleged conspiracy would be economically irrational and therefore cannot be inferred to exist.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Byron R. White wrote a dissenting opinion where he argued that the majority\u2019s opinion unnecessarily confuses the standard by which a motion for summary judgment should be adjudicated. In an antitrust summary judgment hearing, it is not the job of the judge to determine whether an inference of a conspiracy is more probable than not. In doing so, the Court invades the role of the finder of fact. He also argued that the Third Circuit was correct in holding that the evidence demonstrated a genuine issue of material fact for trial. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., Justice Harry A. Blackmun, and Justice John Paul Stevens joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":21742,"name":"Donald J. Zoeller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/donald_j_zoeller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Zoeller","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"donald_j_zoeller"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13974"},{"advocate":{"ID":23065,"name":"Edwin P. 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