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It was also agreed not to lay off a percentage of minority personnel that exceeded the percentage of minority personnel employed at the time of a layoff. When the schools laid off some nonminority teachers, while retaining other minority teachers with less seniority, Wendy Wygant, a displaced nonminority teacher, challenged the layoff in district court. Holding that the Board could grant racial preferences without grounding them on prior discrimination findings and that the preferences did not violate the Equal Protection Clause, since they remedied discrimination by providing \u0022role models\u0022 for minority students, the District Court upheld the layoff provision\u0027s constitutionality. When the appeals court affirmed, the Supreme Court granted Wygant certiorari.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the collective bargaining agreement provision for race-based layoffs violate the Fourteenth Amendment\u0027s Equal Protection Clause?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-to-4 decision, the Court argued that Wygant\u0027s layoff stemmed from race and, therefore, violated the Equal Protection Clause. The Court noted that the government, when embarking on affirmative action, had two duties: first, to justify racial classification with a compelling state interest and second, to demonstrate that its chosen means were narrowly tailored to its purpose. Regarding the first, the Court rejected the lower court\u0027s argument that racial preferences were justified because the percentage of minority students exceeded the percentage of minority teachers. At best, this argument implied a separate but equal system, which the Court rejected in Brown v. 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