{"ID":53242,"name":"Malley v. Briggs","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1985\/84-1586","view_count":0,"docket_number":"84-1586","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Edward Malley and Rhode Island","second_party":"James R. Briggs and Louisa Briggs","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[500709600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35409"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[510386400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35410"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[486104400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53482"}],"lower_court":{"ID":6,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/6"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn December 1980, the Rhode Island State Police force was conducting an authorized wiretap on the telephone of Paul Driscoll. On December 20, the police intercepted two phone calls from an unknown source that made reference to marijuana use that had occurred at a party the previous night at the Briggs\u2019 residence. Edward Malley was the police officer in charge of the Driscoll investigation, and on the basis of these two calls, he drew up felony charges for the Briggs. The charges were presented to a state district court judge in February 1981, and the judge signed warrants for the Briggs\u2019 arrest. The Briggs were arrested in their home on March 19, 1981, and taken to a police station where they were booked and held for several hours before being released. When presented to a grand jury, the charges were dropped.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Briggs sued Malley in district court and alleged that his application for the warrants for their arrest violated their Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. After the evidence was presented to the jury, Malley moved for a direct verdict, which the district court granted. The district court held that it was judge\u2019s signing of the arrest warrants that was improper and that an officer who believes that he is acting on correct information is entitled to immunity from prosecution. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit reversed and held that an officer is not entitled to immunity unless the officer had an \u201cobjectively reasonable\u201d basis to believe that the alleged facts are sufficient to establish probable cause for an arrest warrant.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a police officer entitled to immunity when he causes an unlawful arrest by presenting a judge with an application for a warrant that does not present a probable cause?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Byron R. White delivered the opinion for the 7-2 majority. The Supreme Court held that immunity can be judged on a standard of objective reasonableness. If a reasonable officer could not believe that a warrant has sufficient probable cause, the officer cannot be immune from prosecution. The Supreme Court also held that the officer applying for the warrant bears the burden of liability rather than the magistrate who signs it because, under the constraints of a docket, the magistrate may tend to defer to the officer\u2019s judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part, Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. wrote that, based on the record for this case, a reasonable officer could have assumed that there was probable cause for an arrest warrant. He argued that the majority\u2019s opinion did not grant enough weight to the fact that a judge signed off on the arrest warrant. Because a judge also agreed that there was enough evidence for an arrest, there is substantial evidence that the police officer acted reasonably and should have been granted immunity from damages. Justice William H. Rehnquist joined in the partial concurrence and partial dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":16945,"name":"Ann M. 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