{"ID":53169,"name":"Heath v. Alabama","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1985\/84-5555","view_count":0,"docket_number":"84-5555","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Larry Gene Heath","second_party":"Alabama","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[497682000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35274"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[502437600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35275"}],"lower_court":{"ID":22,"name":"Supreme Court of Alabama","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/22"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn August of 1981, Larry Gene Heath hired two men to kidnap and murder his pregnant wife. Heath met the men in Georgia, just across the state line from the Heath residence in Alabama, led them back to the house, and left. Rebecca Heath\u2019s body was later found on the side of a road in Georgia. Both Georgia and Alabama authorities pursued investigations in which there was a degree of cooperation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn September 4, 1981, Georgia authorities arrested Heath, and he waived his Miranda rights and confessed. He was indicted by a grand jury in Troop County, Georgia, and pled guilty in February 10, 1982. On May 5, 1982, Heath was indicted by a grand jury in Russell County, Alabama. Prior to the trial, Heath argued that his conviction and sentencing in Georgia barred any prosecution in Alabama and that Alabama lacked jurisdiction. The trial court rejected both claims, and Heath was convicted. The Alabama Court of Appeals affirmed, as did the Alabama Supreme Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment prevent two separate states from trying an individual for the same crime?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor delivered the opinion of the 7-2 majority. The Supreme Court held that the doctrine of dual sovereignty grants each state the right to try a criminal under the laws of that state, regardless of whether he had already been tried under the laws of another state. The states can each be considered a separate sovereign because they do not derive their powers from the same source, namely the federal government. The Court also held that it would be an unconstitutional deprivation of a state\u2019s powers to prevent that state from enforcing its laws because another state had proceeded to trial earlier.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. wrote a dissenting opinion where he argued that different interests or purposes in prosecution do not justify an exception to the Double Jeopardy Clause. Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the dissent. In Justice Marshall\u2019s separate dissent, he argued that the dual sovereignty doctrine was meant to permit federal and state prosecutions for the same offense due to the overlapping spheres of governmental power, not to permit prosecution from multiple states. He also wrote that the Court should have heard arguments about other aspects of the case that violated the petitioner\u2019s rights rather than limiting the issues at hand to the one of dual sovereignty.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":45359,"name":"William Duncan Little, III","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_duncan_little_iii","view_count":0,"last_name":"Little,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"william_duncan_little_iii"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/13770"},{"advocate":{"ID":38521,"name":"Ronald J. 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