{"ID":53233,"name":"Bowen v. Roy","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1985\/84-780","view_count":0,"docket_number":"84-780","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Otis R. Bowen, Secretary of Health and Human Services; John R. Block, Secretary of Agriculture; Walter Cohen, Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare ","second_party":"Stephen J. Roy and Karen Miller","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[506066400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35392"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[518850000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35393"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EStephen J. Roy and Karen Miller, along with their daughter Little Bird of Snow, were residents of Pennsylvania receiving benefits under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Food Stamps programs. Roy and Miller refused to comply with the federal requirement that participants in these programs provide the social security numbers of all family members receiving benefits. They argued that obtaining a social security number for Little Bird would violate their Native American religious beliefs. The Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare terminated AFDC benefits paid for Little Bird and the parents sued, arguing that the free association clause of the First Amendment provided an exemption to the social security number requirement. At trial, Roy disclosed the Little Bird already had a social security number, and the court suggested the case was moot. Roy then argued that widespread use of the social security number would \u201crob the spirit\u201d of Little Bird, violating their religious beliefs. The court restrained the government from denying benefits for Little Bird until she was 16 years old, but denied Roy\u2019s request for damages.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the free exercise clause of the First Amendment provide an exception to the social security number requirement to receive state and federal welfare benefits?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, writing for seven members of the court, vacated the lower judgment and remanded. The Supreme Court held that the social security requirement did not violate the First Amendment and the injunction against the government was vacated. The requirement was entirely neutral in religious terms, and was a reasonable means of preventing welfare fraud. The First Amendment does not require the government to aid individuals in carrying out their religious beliefs. Justice Harry A. Blackmun concurred in part, expressing that the entire lower judgment should be vacated because the record was unclear as to whether a justiciable controversy remained. Justice John Paul Stevens concurred in part and concurred in the result, expressing that the Roy\u2019s claim for benefits was either moot or not ripe for decision.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor concurred in part and dissented in part, arguing that the government failed to show that allowing an exception to the social security requirement for those with legitimate religious objections would harm the state\u2019s interest in preventing welfare fraud. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. and Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in Justice O\u2019Connor\u2019s opinion. Justice Byron R. 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