{"ID":53273,"name":"Anderson v. Creighton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1986\/85-1520","view_count":0,"docket_number":"85-1520","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Russell Anderson","second_party":"Robert E. 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The suit was removed to federal district court, where Anderson moved for dismissal or summary judgment based on his alleged qualified immunity from civil damages liability. Qualified immunity shields government officials from liability for certain violations of an individual\u2019s constitutional rights. The district court granted summary judgment for Anderson after finding that the search was lawful because Anderson had probable cause.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed and held that the case could not be decided on summary judgment because there were unresolved factual disputes regarding the legality of the search. The Court of Appeals also held that that Anderson did not have qualified immunity because the right he allegedly violated was the well-established Fourth Amendment right to protection from warrantless searches of a home.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003ECan a federal officer who participated in a search that violated the Fourth Amendment be held personally liable for monetary damages if a reasonable officer would have assumed that the search comported with the Fourth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Antonin Scalia delivered the opinion of the 6-3 majority. The Court held that an officer of the law has qualified immunity from civil liability if the actions that officer took \u201ccould reasonably have been thought consistent\u201d with the allegedly violated rights. Because Anderson could reasonably believe that his actions were legal, he is entitled to qualified immunity. The Court also held that the determination of whether an official is entitled to qualified immunity should be determined based on the reasonable belief of the legality of the search, rather than the actual legality of the search.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John Paul Stevens wrote a dissenting opinion where he argued that the majority\u2019s opinion unnecessarily expands the idea of qualified immunity beyond high political officials to police officers, whom it is in the public\u2019s best interests to hold accountable for their actions. He also argued that the lower court was correct in holding that summary judgment cannot be granted without resolving the factual disputes regarding the constitutionality of the search. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. and Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":16723,"name":"Andrew J. 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