{"ID":53385,"name":"Pennzoil Co. v. Texaco Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1986\/85-1798","view_count":0,"docket_number":"85-1798","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Pennzoil Co.","second_party":"Texaco Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[537429600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35682"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[544683600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35683"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EPennzoil Co. obtained a jury verdict of $10.53 billion in a Texas state court suit. The suit alleged that Texaco Inc. tortiously induced a third party to breach its contract to sell stock to Pennzoil. Before the court entered a final judgment, Texaco sued in federal district court alleging that the Texas court proceedings violated its rights under the Constitution and several Texas statutes. Pennzoil argued that the district court should abstain from hearing the case under the doctrine of \u003Ci\u003EYounger v. Harris\u003C\/i\u003E.  \u003Ci\u003EYounger\u003C\/i\u003E held that a federal court must abstain from hearing challenges to a state court proceeding while that proceeding is still underway. The district court did not abstain and granted a preliminary injunction.  The court found that it had jurisdiction over the matter and that Texaco was likely to succeed in its suit. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed in part, holding that the district court had jurisdiction, but should not have evaluated the claims that were discussed in the state trial. Meanwhile, the state court proceedings continued, and reduced the judgment to $8.53 billion\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the district court err in issuing an injunction instead of abstaining until the state court proceedings concluded?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Lewis F. Powell, delivered the opinion of the court, reversing the lower court. The Supreme Court held that the district court should have followed \u003Ci\u003EYounger\u003C\/i\u003E and abstained from issuing an injunction until the state court proceedings concluded. Justice Antonin Scalia concurred, writing that a federal court need not abstain when it does not have to decide any issue litigated in the state court. Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. concurred in the judgment, arguing that the district court did not have to abstain, but Texaco\u2019s constitutional claims were without merit. Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the concurrence. Justice Marshall separately concurred in the judgment, writing that venue was improper because the issues before the district court were inextricably linked to the Texas court proceedings. Justice Harry A. Blackmun concurred in the judgment, arguing that the district court should have abstained because unsettled questions of state law existed. Justice John Paul Stevens concurred in the judgment, arguing that \u003Ci\u003EYounger\u003C\/i\u003E did not apply. Justice Marshall joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":20629,"name":"David Boies","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_boies","view_count":0,"last_name":"Boies","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"david_boies"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of Appellee","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/14261"},{"advocate":{"ID":35187,"name":"Laurence H. 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