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At Bourjaily\u0027s trial, the government introduced statements Lonardo made in a telephone conversation with an informant regarding a \u0022friend\u0022 who had questions about the cocaine. The district court, considering the events in the parking lot and Lonardo\u0027s statements over the telephone, found that the government had established that a conspiracy existed between Bourjaily and Lonardo, and that Lonardo\u0027s statements over the telephone had been made in the course of and in furtherance of the conspiracy. Accordingly, the court held that Lonardo\u0027s out-of-court statements satisfied Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2)(E) and were not hearsay.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E(1) In order to consider the statements of a coconspirator as non-hearsay, must the court determine by evidence independent of the statements themselves that the conspiracy existed and that the defendant and declarant were members of this conspiracy? 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