{"ID":53407,"name":"Rock v. Arkansas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1986\/86-130","view_count":0,"docket_number":"86-130","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Vickie Lorene Rock","second_party":"Arkansas","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[543477600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35725"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[551336400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35726"}],"lower_court":{"ID":25,"name":"Arkansas Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/25"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EVickie Rock was charged with manslaughter for the death of her husband, Frank Rock. Vickie and Frank had argued after Frank refused to let Vickie eat pizza and prevented her from leaving the apartment to get something else to eat. As the fight escalated, Vickie picked up a handgun and at some point Frank received a fatal gunshot wound to the chest. The police arrived and arrested Vickie. Because Vickie was unable to recall the shooting in any detail, on the advice of her attorney, she submitted to hypnosis in an attempt to refresh her memory. During one session, Vickie recalled that her finger had not been on the trigger and the gun had discharged accidentally when Frank had grabbed her arm. A gun expert examined the gun and found that it was defective and prone to fire when dropped or hit, even without the trigger being pulled, supported this revelation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause an Arkansas rule of evidence prohibited the admittance of any evidence obtained through hypnosis, the trial court barred Vickie from testifying to her memory of the shooting because it had been \u201chypnotically refreshed.\u201d She was found guilty and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. Vickie appealed to the Supreme Court of Arkansas, which affirmed her conviction. The Supreme Court of Arkansas held that, in the absence of a general consensus on the accuracy of evidence obtained through hypnosis, case-by-case inquiry into the accuracy of the evidence would be too burdensome on courts. In this case, the exclusion of Vickie Rock\u2019s hypnotically refreshed memory did not infringe on her constitutional rights because her right to testify in her own defense was only limited by generally applicable rules of evidence intended to exclude confusing or misleading evidence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Arkansas\u2019s blanket ban on all hypnotically refreshed testimony infringe on Vickie Rock\u2019s Fourteenth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendment right to testify on her own behalf?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Harry A. Blackmun delivered the opinion for the 5-4 majority. The Supreme Court held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Compulsory Process Clause of the Sixth Amendment, and the Fifth Amendment protect the right of the individual to testify on one\u2019s own behalf at a criminal trial. Because the Arkansas rule was a blanket ban, it did not allow a trial court to consider the particular circumstances of individual cases. Although Arkansas has a state interest in preventing unreliable testimony from being admitted into evidence at trial, that interest does not justify a blanket ban on testimony that may be reliable in an individual case. Therefore the exclusion of the hypnotically refreshed testimony, without exploring the reliability of the testimony, infringed on the petitioner\u2019s Constitutional right to testify in her own defense.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his dissent, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist wrote that an individual\u2019s right to present evidence has always been subject to reasonable restrictions. Because Arkansas\u2019s rule excluding evidence obtained by hypnosis is a reasonable attempt to ensure the reliability of evidence, he argued that it was appropriate to defer to the judgment of the Supreme Court of Arkansas. Justice Byron R. White, Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor and Justice Antonin Scalia joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":29766,"name":"J. Steven Clark","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/j_steven_clark","view_count":0,"last_name":"Clark","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"j_steven_clark"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of Respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/14313"},{"advocate":{"ID":31551,"name":"James M. 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