{"ID":53357,"name":"United States v. Stanley","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1986\/86-393","view_count":0,"docket_number":"86-393","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"United States, et al.","second_party":"James B. 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As a result of his exposure to LSD, Stanley began experiencing hallucinations, memory loss, impaired performance of his job, and he engaged in domestic violence without remembering it later. He was discharged from the Army in 1969. In 1975, Stanley received a letter from the military asking for his cooperation in a study to determine the long-term effects of LSD and referring to his previous \u201cvoluntary\u201d involvement in the 1958 tests. This letter was the first notification that Stanley received regarding the true purpose of the 1958 tests. He sued the government under the Federal Torts Claim Act (FTCA) and argued that there had been negligence in the administration, supervision, and subsequent monitoring of the drug testing program.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court granted the government\u2019s motion for summary judgment and held that the government was not liable for negligence that occurred while Stanley was on active duty. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed but also held that the district court should have dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. On remand, Stanley amended his complaint to include claims that unknown officers violated his constitutional rights and argued that the constitutional claim did not fall under the service exception to the FTCA. The district court again dismissed the claim under the FTCA and rejected the government\u2019s argument that the same exception barred Stanley\u2019s constitutional claims. The government moved for partial final judgment because Stanley had not named individual defendants. Stanley filed a second amended complaint that named individual defendants, but before the court ruled on it, the Supreme Court decided \u003Ci\u003EChappell v. Wallace\u003C\/i\u003E, which held that enlisted military personnel may not file constitutional claims. The district court held that the \u003Ci\u003EChappell\u003C\/i\u003E decision did not bar Stanley\u2019s constitutional claims. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed and held that recent precedent did not require Stanley\u2019s FTCA claim to be barred.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E(1) Did the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit err in reinstating Stanley\u2019s claims under the Federal Torts Claim Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E(2) Did the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit err in determining that the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in \u003Ci\u003EChappell\u003C\/i\u003E did not bar Stanley\u2019s constitutional claims?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, yes. Justice Antonin Scalia delivered the opinion of the 5-4 majority. The Supreme Court held that the Court of Appeals did not have the jurisdiction to consider Stanley\u2019s FTCA claims because they were not a part of the order that was originally appealed. The Court also held that the Court of Appeals took an unnecessarily narrow view of the \u003Ci\u003EChappell\u003C\/i\u003E decision by limiting it to an even greater extent than the FTCA waiver of governmental liability. Because the government is protected from suits arising from activities that occurred during the course of service under the FTCA, there is no reason to assume that the precedent set by the \u003Ci\u003EChappell\u003C\/i\u003E decision would provide less protection.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. wrote an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part in which he argued that members of the armed forces deserve the same constitutional protections from the government as those enjoyed by ordinary citizens. Previous federal immunity jurisprudence was based on the specific circumstances surrounding events and that the individuals named in the suit should be required to demonstrate absolute immunity. He also argued that the \u003Ci\u003EChappell\u003C\/i\u003E decision only barred constitutional claims when military discipline would suffer. Justice Thurgood Marshall and Justice John Paul Stevens joined in the partial concurrence and partial dissent. In her separate opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part, Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor argued that both the \u003Ci\u003EChappell\u003C\/i\u003E decision and the FTCA exception prohibit civilian courts from considering suits that arise as the result of military service. However, because Stanley\u2019s FTCA claims arise as the result of his involuntary conclusion in a military test, his claims should be allowed to proceed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":39710,"name":"Richard A. 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