{"ID":53308,"name":"Bowen v. Gilliard","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1986\/86-509","view_count":0,"docket_number":"86-509","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Otis R. Bowen, Secretary of Health and Human Services","second_party":"Beaty Mae Gilliard, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[546066000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51839"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[551595600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52174"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[534405600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53514"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EUntil 1984, the statutes governing Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) allowed a family to exclude one member if that person had an income or is receiving benefits that would reduce the amount of government aid. In 1984, Congress passed the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, which removed the option of excluding a family member. The new law required that the filing unit include all income from all members of the family. This might reduce the family\u2019s total income by reducing the benefits the family is eligible to receive.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1970, Beaty Mae Gilliard, who had been receiving benefits from North Carolina through the AFDC since 1962, gave birth to her seventh child. Because Gilliard was receiving child support from the child\u2019s father, the state deducted the child support from the benefits she was eligible for as the parent of an eight-person family. Gilliard sued, and the district court agreed with her reading of the statute that she was allowed to exclude the child who was receiving child support from her filing unit because the seven-person family benefits were greater than what she would receive from the eight-person family benefits minus the child support. The district court awarded class relief to anyone in Gilliard\u2019s position. When North Carolina adopted regulations to comply with the 1984 Act, Gilliard and other members of the class filed a motion to reopen the case and obtain relief. The district court concluded that the new statutory scheme adopted by the 1984 Act violated the Due Process and Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. \u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, which requires a family\u2019s eligibility for federal aid to take into account all incomes of all family members living in the same home, violate the Fifth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the opinion of the 6-3 majority. The Court held that the 1984 Act supported the federal government\u2019s dual interests of reducing the deficit and distributing aid to needy families in the fairest way possible. Because some families receive income from sources other than the government, the Court held that it was reasonable for the government to be able to provide more aid to those families that have no other means of support. Based on the rational basis for this decision, the 1984 Act did not violate the Due Process Clause. The Court also held that the 1984 Act did not violate the Takings Clause because the amount of money the child receives does not change, regardless of the amount of money the family as a whole receives from the government. The government is not taking anything away from the child without compensation, the type of government action the Takings Clause was meant to prevent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. wrote a dissent where he argued that the government\u2019s actions unduly harm the parent-child relationship. Because an increasing number of children live in a single-parent household headed by the mother, forcing the children to forego the financial support of the father in order to live with the mother and receive her government benefits can cut children off from a relationship with their fathers. He argued that the 1984 Act places an undue burden on the child and the familial relationship, which requires a higher level of scrutiny than merely proving the decision was a rational one. Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the dissent. Justice Harry A. Blackmun also wrote a dissent stating that he agreed with Justice Brennan\u2019s arguments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":19532,"name":"Catherine C. 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