{"ID":53467,"name":"Wheat v. 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Juvenal Gomez-Barajas and Javier Bravo were also allegedly involved in the operation. Attorney Eugene Iredale represented Gomez-Barajas and Bravo at trial. The trial court acquitted Gomez-Barajas on drug charges that overlapped with charges against Wheat, but Gomez-Barajas pleaded guilty to tax evasion and illegal importation of merchandise to avoid a second trial. At the beginning of Wheat\u2019s trial, however, the court had not yet accepted Gomez-Barajas\u2019 plea and he was free to withdraw it.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn August 22, 1985, Bravo pleaded guilty to one count of transporting 2,400 pounds of marijuana. Immediately after the proceedings, Iredale informed the court that Wheat contacted him to hire him as additional counsel; Gomez-Barajas and Bravo waived any objection. The United States expressed concern about the possibility of conflict arising from Iredale\u2019s representation of both Iredale and Gomez-Barajas. The government pointed out that if Gomez-Barajas withdrew his plea, it was likely Wheat would be required to appear at his trial as a witness. In that event, Iredale would not be allowed to cross-examine Wheat. Further, it was possible that Bravo would be required to appear at Wheat\u2019s trial as a witness as well.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough Wheat emphasized his right to his choice of counsel under the sixth amendment, the district court denied his motion for a substitution of counsel. Wheat was convicted of conspiracy to possess 1,000 pounds of marijuana with intent to distribute and five counts of possessing marijuana with intent to distribute. The United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, affirmed. It held that the district court correctly balanced the sixth amendment\u2019s rights to choice of counsel and to a defense by an attorney free of conflicts of interest.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the district court violate Wheat\u2019s Sixth Amendment right to his choice of counsel by refusing to permit Wheat\u2019s additional counsel due to a possible conflict of interest?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 5-4 decision written by Justice William Rehnquist, the Court held that the possible conflict of interest was sufficient to justify denying Wheat\u2019s motion to take on Iredale as his attorney. Justice Rehnquist noted that the Sixth Amendment right to choice of counsel was limited in several ways; for example, a party could not hire a lawyer who had a previous or ongoing legal relationship with the opposing party. He also noted that the Court previously recognized that the representation of multiple defendants by the same lawyer created special dangers of conflict of interest, although it was not a per se constitutional violation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough Wheat insisted that the waivers by all defendants cured any problems from multiple representations, Justice Rehnquist wrote that the federal courts had an independent interest in fair and ethical criminal trials. Justice Rehnquist reasoned that courts had the latitude to decline defendants\u2019 waivers where the potential for a conflict of interest existed. Here, the persons Iredale wished to represent were allegedly three conspirators at various levels in a complex drug distribution operation, and there remained a possibility that either Bravo or Gomez-Barajas could be a witness at Wheat\u2019s trial. Thus, Justice Rehnquist held that rejecting Wheat\u2019s motion was within the district court\u2019s discretion.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall dissented, joined by Justice William Brennan. He argued that the majority granted unwarranted deference to the district court\u2019s discretion, and that the potential for a conflict of interest in the case did not outweigh Wheat\u2019s Sixth Amendment right to his choice of counsel.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John Paul Stevens dissented, joined by Justice Harry Blackmun. He emphasized that Wheat\u2019s prior counsel planned to remain available to assist with his defense. Hence, the question was actually whether Wheat had the right to the additional counsel of his choice.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":29619,"name":"John J. 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