{"ID":53497,"name":"United States Catholic Conference v. Abortion Rights Mobilization, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1987\/87-416","view_count":0,"docket_number":"87-416","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"United States Catholic Conference","second_party":"Abortion Rights Mobilization, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[577342800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35894"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[582786000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/35895"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAbortion Rights Mobilization, Inc. and a collection of tax-paying and tax-exempt abortion rights supporters (ARM) sued the Secretary of the Treasury, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, the United States Catholic Conference, and the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (Conferences). ARM alleged that the Conferences participated in political activities in violation of U.S. laws governing tax-exempt organizations and that this participation created an unfair advantage over other, rule-abiding tax-exempt groups and infringed upon the plaintiffs\u2019 ability to participate in the political process as voters. After the court granted the Conferences motion to be dismissed as parties to the suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, ARM sought financial documents and other information from the Conferences to support their claims against the remaining defendants. When the Conferences refused to comply, the district court held them in civil contempt. On appeal, the Conferences contended that ARM lacked standing to bring its case against the government officials and, therefore, the court did not have the power to issue the contempt citation under Article III. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed and held that witnesses may challenge a contempt citation only on the grounds that the issuing court lacked jurisdiction to hear the underlying dispute.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMay a nonparty witness challenge a civil contempt citation by challenging the court\u2019s subject matter jurisdiction over the underlying lawsuit?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Anthony M. Kennedy delivered the opinion for the 8-1 majority in which the Court reversed and remanded the appellate court\u2019s ruling. The Court held that a nonparty witness may challenge the court\u2019s jurisdiction over the underlying lawsuit in defense of a civil contempt citation. The Second Circuit\u2019s jurisdiction standard impermissibly expanded the reach of judicial power because it permitted a court to act in issues without an actual case or controversy, as required by Article III of the Constitution. The Court also held that, because the judiciary may impose sanctions for the abuse of court processes, restricting a nonparty\u2019s right to appeal a civil contempt citation is unnecessary.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his dissenting opinion, Justice Thurgood Marshall stated that he agreed with the Second Circuit\u2019s concern that allowing a witness to raise subject matter jurisdiction challenges while appealing a contempt citation invited collusion with defendants who, unlike witnesses, lack a right to appeal interlocutory orders prior to a final judgment in the action. allowing a witness to raise subject matter jurisdiction challenges while appealing a contempt citation invited collusion with defendants who, unlike witnesses, lack a right to appeal interlocutory orders prior to a final judgment in the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":33762,"name":"Kevin T. 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