{"ID":53588,"name":"United States v. Halper","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1988\/87-1383","view_count":0,"docket_number":"87-1383","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"United States","second_party":"Halper","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[601020000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36069"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[611211600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36070"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIrwin Halper, the manager of a company that provided medical services to patients eligible for Medicare benefits, was charged and convicted in criminal court of submitting 65 separate false Medicare claims. He was sentenced to two years in prison and fined $5,000.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe United States then brought additional civil charges under the False Claims Act, which authorized it to collect $2000 for each offense in addition to attorney\u0027s fees and twice the damages sustained. In this case the actual damages were just $585, but because of the number of offenses the total penalty was more than $130,000. The District Court, however, ruled that the penalty was \u0022entirely unrelated\u0022 to the government\u0027s actual damages and would therefore be a second punishment for the same offense, violating the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The penalty was therefore limited to double the amount of actual damages and attorney\u0027s fees. The government appealed the decision directly to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWhere the penalty authorized under the False Claims Act is \u0022entirely unrelated\u0022 to the damages actually suffered by the government, does imposition of the penalty amount to a \u0022punishment\u0022 governed by the Double Jeopardy Clause of the 5th Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Harry Blackmun, on behalf of a unanimous Supreme Court, wrote that while previous cases had held penalties under the Act to be civil in nature, that did not foreclose the possibility of the penalty being so extreme and so unrelated to the actual damages as to constitute \u0022punishment.\u0022 Because Halper had already been jailed and fined, additional punishment in a separate proceeding would violate the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment. 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