{"ID":53611,"name":"Florida v. Riley","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1988\/87-764","view_count":0,"docket_number":"87-764","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Florida","second_party":"Michael A. Riley","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[591858000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36115"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[601538400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36116"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[572508000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53386"}],"lower_court":{"ID":30,"name":"Florida Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/30"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EMichael Riley lived in a mobile home situated on five acres of rural land in Florida. Riley owned a greenhouse that was located behind his home; from the ground, the contents of Riley\u2019s greenhouse were shielded from view by its walls and the trees on his property. In 1984, the Pasco County Sheriff\u2019s office received a tip that Riley was growing marijuana on his property. The investigating officer tried to see into the greenhouse from the ground but could not, so he circled in a helicopter at 400 feet and saw what he believed to be marijuana growing inside. Acting on this information, the investigating officer obtained a search warrant, searched the greenhouse, and found the marijuana. Riley was charged with possession of marijuana.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERiley filed a motion to suppress the evidence obtained in the search. The trial court granted his motion and held that viewing his property from the air violated Riley\u2019s reasonable expectation of privacy. The District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District, reversed the trial court\u2019s decision and denied Riley\u2019s motion to dismiss the evidence. The appellate court also certified the case to the Supreme Court of Florida, which reinstated the trial court\u2019s order to suppress the evidence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the police officer violate the defendant\u2019s reasonable expectation of privacy by observing his property from a helicopter with the naked eye?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Byron R. White delivered the opinion for the 5-4 majority. The Court held that Riley had no reasonable expectation of privacy in this case because anyone could view Riley\u2019s property from a helicopter flying in navigable airspace and figure out what was inside. The police officer did not enter Riley\u2019s land or interfere with it in any way. Furthermore, the manner in which he was flying the helicopter was well within the law; therefore, the police officer was within his rights to view Riley\u2019s property from the air. The Court determined that the police action in this case did not violate Riley\u2019s Fourth Amendment rights.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor filed a concurring opinion in which she cautioned the majority against relying on the fact that the helicopter was flying within Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. She argued that the FAA regulations were meant to promote air safety and did not protect citizens\u2019 Fourth Amendment rights.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that, like the police activities in \u003Cem\u003EKatz v. United States\u003C\/em\u003E, the officer\u2019s actions in this case violated Riley\u2019s reasonable expectation of privacy. Justice Thurgood Marshall and Justice John Paul Stevens joined in the dissent. In his separate dissent, Justice Harry A. Blackmun argued that the burden of proving that a defendant lacks a reasonable expectation of privacy should rest with the state.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":38382,"name":"Parker D. Thomson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/parker_d_thomson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Thomson","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"parker_d_thomson"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/14753"},{"advocate":{"ID":36664,"name":"Marc H. 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