{"ID":53772,"name":"Atlantic Richfield Company v. USA Petroleum Company","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1989\/88-1668","view_count":0,"docket_number":"88-1668","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Atlantic Richfield Company","second_party":"USA Petroleum Company","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[628840800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36428"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[642661200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36429"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAtlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) is an integrated oil company that sells gasoline to consumers through its own retail stations as well as independent ARCO-brand stations. USA Petroleum (USA), a competitor of ARCO, is an independent retail marketer that purchases gasoline from major petroleum companies and resells it under its own brand name. USA sued ARCO under the Clayton Act in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, alleging that ARCO had violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by conspiring with the independent ARCO-brand stations to sell gasoline at below-market prices (the Clayton Act allows private parties to bring suit when they have been harmed by anticompetitive practices that violate the Sherman Act).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe District Court ruled for ARCO, finding that even if USA could prove the conspiracy, it would not be an \u0022antitrust injury\u0022 to USA under the Clayton Act unless it could also prove that the pricing was predatory (that is, that it was intended to drive USA and other competitors out of business). It would be impossible to prove this, the District Court concluded, because ARCO was not dominant enough in the market to exert that sort of power.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA divided panel of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, finding that it was not necessary to show predatory intent to prove an \u0022antitrust inquiry.\u0022 All that was necessary was a showing that the party bringing the suit had been harmed by price fixing carried out by the party being sued.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMust a competitor alleging an \u0022antitrust injury\u0022 under the Clayton Act prove predatory intent in addition to showing that the defendant conspired to fix prices in violation of the Sherman Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 7-to-2 decision, the Supreme Court held that it was necessary to prove predatory intent in order for a competitor to establish a private cause of action under the Clayton Act. According to Justice William J. 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