{"ID":53715,"name":"Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1989\/88-805","view_count":0,"docket_number":"88-805","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Ohio","second_party":"Akron Center for Reproductive Health","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[628322400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36317"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[646290000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36318"}],"lower_court":{"ID":11,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/11"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1985 the Ohio legislature passed House Bill 319, which requires a physician to notify the parents of an unmarried minor who is requesting an abortion, unless the situation falls under one of the exceptions. Exceptions include: the minor providing a letter of parental consent; the physician providing the parents with actual notification 24 hours before the procedure or notification by mail 48 hours before the procedure; and a judicial bypass procedure that allows a minor to obtain the approval of a specified relative upon filing an affidavit with a juvenile court or receive a notification waiver from a juvenile court if parental notification would cause the minor emotional, sexual, or physical abuse. Before the law was put into effect, an abortion clinic, one of its doctors, and a minor seeking an abortion sued in federal district court and claimed that the judicial bypass procedures the law required violated a minor\u2019s Fourteenth Amendment due process rights. The district court found in favor of the plaintiffs and issued a preliminary injunction preventing Ohio form enforcing the statute. Ohio appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo the judicial bypass requirements, the physician notification element, and the burden of proof mandated by the parental notification bill violate a minor\u2019s Fourteenth Amendment due process rights?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Anthony M. Kennedy delivered the opinion for the 6-3 majority in which the Court held that the bill did not violate a minor\u2019s right to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment because it satisfied the four factors used to determine the constitutionality of this type of consent statutes. Those four factors are whether the minor was allowed to show that she was mature enough to make the abortion decision without her parents\u2019 help, whether she was allowed to show that the abortion is in her best interest, whether the judicial bypass procedure took reasonable measures to ensure the minor\u2019s anonymity, and whether the statute set reasonable time limits for judicial action. The Court ruled that requiring a minor to prove maturity by clear and convincing evidence is a fair evidentiary burden and that the requirement that the treating physician performs the notification is not an undue burden on the doctor or the minor.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Antonin Scalia wrote a concurring opinion in which he highlighted the importance of leaving abortion statutes such as this one to be decided by the majority-influenced state legislatures instead of by the \u201clawyerly dissection\u201d of judicial precedent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Harry A. Blackmun wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the judicial bypass procedure created a system that was a \u201ctortious maze\u201d and lacked the sensitivity required when dealing with such an intimate decision. Justice Blackmun also argued that the state lacked a sufficiently significant interest to interfere with the minor\u2019s right to make this decision. Justice Thurgood Marshall and Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":39175,"name":"Rita S. Eppler","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/rita_s_eppler","view_count":0,"last_name":"Eppler","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"rita_s_eppler"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Appellant","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/14992"},{"advocate":{"ID":35084,"name":"Linda R. 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