{"ID":53714,"name":"Idaho v. Wright","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1989\/89-260","view_count":0,"docket_number":"89-260","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Idaho","second_party":"Laura Lee Wright","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[640414800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36315"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[646462800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36316"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[632469600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53480"}],"lower_court":{"ID":33,"name":"Idaho Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/33"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ELaura Lee Wright and her ex-husband Louis Wright had jointly agreed that they would share custody of their daughter, while her half-sister would live with her parents, Laura Lee Wright and Robert Giles. In November 1986, when the girls were five years old and two years old, respectively, the older daughter told Cynthia Goodman, a friend of Louis Wright\u2019s, that Giles had sexually assaulted her while Laura held her down and covered her mouth. The girl also said that she had seen the same thing happen to her younger sister. Goodman reported this information to the police and took the girl to the hospital where Dr. John Jambura examined her. Dr. Jambura found conditions highly suggestive of sexual intercourse that had occurred two or three days previously. Laura Wright and Giles were jointly charged with two counts of lewd conduct with a minor.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the trial, the court conducted a voir dire examination of the younger daughter, aged three years at the time of the trial, to determine whether she was capable of testifying. The court found, and the parties agreed, that she was not. Over the objection of the defense, the court allowed Dr. Jambura to testify to certain statements the younger daughter made during the examination. Laura Wright and Giles were convicted on both counts, and they appealed on the conviction regarding the conduct with the younger daughter. They argued that the trial court erred in admitting the hearsay testimony of Dr. Jambura. The Idaho Supreme Court held that the admission of the hearsay testimony violated the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment because the testimony did not fall under a hearsay exception and the interview in question lacked procedural safeguards. The Idaho Supreme Court also noted that children are highly susceptible to suggestion and can easily be influenced by leading questions. Because the Idaho Supreme Court was not convinced that the jury would have reached the same conclusion had the testimony been excluded, it reversed the conviction.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the admission at trial of hearsay testimony made by a child to an examining pediatrician violate the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor delivered the opinion of the 5-4 majority. The Supreme Court held that the state bears the burden of showing that the testimony of a witness who is unavailable for trial is sufficiently reliable to withstand scrutiny under the Confrontation Clause. Testimony is deemed reliable when it otherwise falls within a hearsay exception or shows \u201cparticularized guarantees of trustworthiness.\u201d In order to meet this high standard of trustworthiness, testimony must be so reliable that adversarial testing under cross-examination would not alter its credibility. Corroborating evidence is not enough to establish the trustworthiness of testimony; it must be inherently reliable. Because the state could neither show that the testimony fit within a hearsay exception nor could they prove that it was inherently trustworthy, it was unreliable and therefore inadmissible under the Confrontation Clause.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the majority\u2019s opinion erred in establishing a rule that corroborating evidence is not sufficient to establish the trustworthiness of testimony. Because corroborating evidence is often the most commonly used and effective ways of determining the reliability of testimony, there is no reason for the majority to remove it as a method of determining whether testimony is sufficiently trustworthy to be admissible under the Confrontation Clause. Justice William H. Rehnquist, Justice Byron R. White, and Justice Harry A. Blackmun joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":44079,"name":"William C. 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