{"ID":53771,"name":"Grady v. Corbin","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1989\/89-474","view_count":0,"docket_number":"89-474","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"William V. Grady, District Attorney of Dutchess County","second_party":"Thomas J. 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Corbin received two misdemeanor tickets, one for driving while intoxicated and one for failing to keep to the right of the median. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECorbin pled guilty to both misdemeanors. The judge was unaware of the fatality the accident caused. On January 19, 1988, a grand jury indicted Corbin on charges of manslaughter, vehicular manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide, and reckless assault. Corbin filed a motion to dismiss the charges by arguing double jeopardy, but the county court denied the motion. Corbin sought a writ of prohibition to prevent further prosecution, which the Appellate Division denied. The New York Court of Appeals reversed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment prevent a person from being charged with more severe offenses after being tried and convicted of lesser ones for the same action?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. delivered the opinion of the 5-4 majority. The Court held that the Double Jeopardy Clause bars subsequent prosecution if the offenses share identical elements or if one is a lesser-included offense within the other. A second prosecution is also prohibited if the second trial would require a re-litigation of the same factual issues as the first one. Because the state would use the crimes of which Corbin had already been convicted in order to establish elements of the subsequent charges, the Court held that the secondary charges violated the Double Jeopardy Clause.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor wrote a dissent where she argued that the majority\u2019s opinion was inconsistent with the Court\u2019s decision in a previous case from that term and takes too broad a view of the Double Jeopardy Clause.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his dissenting opinion, Justice Antonin Scalia wrote that the Double Jeopardy Clause only prevents double prosecution for the same offense, not necessarily the same action. He argued that the Clause had historically been interpreted as allowing multiple prosecutions if a single action violated multiple laws. He argued that the majority\u2019s opinion unnecessarily complicated and limited the courts\u2019 ability to try a person for multiple crimes stemming from the same action. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist and Justice Anthony M. Kennedy joined the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":18067,"name":"Bridget R. Steller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/bridget_r_steller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Steller","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"bridget_r_steller"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/15119"},{"advocate":{"ID":39291,"name":"Richard T. 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