{"ID":54025,"name":"Republic of Argentina v. Weltover, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1991\/91-763","view_count":0,"docket_number":"91-763","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Republic of Argentina","second_party":"Weltover, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[702108000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36908"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[708325200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36909"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1981, Argentina instituted a foreign exchange insurance contract program (FEIC), under which it effectively assumed the risk of currency depreciation in cross-border transactions. When Argentina could not cover the FEIC contracts, it issued \u0022Bonods,\u0022 which provided for repayment in U.S. dollars through transfer on the market in one of several locations. Subsequently, when Argentina concluded that it lacked sufficient foreign exchange to retire the Bonods, it unilaterally extended the time for payment and offered bondholders substitute instruments as a means of rescheduling the debts. Ultimately, two Panamanian corporations and a Swiss bank brought a breach-of-contract action in Federal District Court. The court denied Argentina\u0027s motion to dismiss. In affirming, the Court of Appeals ruled that the District Court had jurisdiction under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA), which subjects foreign states to suit in American courts for acts taken \u0022in connection with a commercial activity\u0022 that have \u0022a direct effect in the United States.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas the Republic of Argentina\u0027s default on certain bonds an act taken \u0022in connection with a commercial activity\u0022 that had a \u0022direct effect in the United States\u0022 so as to subject Argentina to suit in an American court under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court held that the District Court properly asserted jurisdiction under the FSIA. The Court reasoned that the issuance of the Bonods was a \u0022commercial activity\u0022 and that the rescheduling of the maturity dates on those instruments was taken \u0022in connection with\u0022 that activity because Argentina had acted as a private player within a market and not as a regulator of that market. Moreover, the Court concluded that the unilateral rescheduling of the Bonods had a \u0022direct effect in the United States\u0022 because Argentina had designated their accounts in New York as the place of payment and had made some interest payments into those accounts before announcing that it was rescheduling the payments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":39032,"name":"Richard W. 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