{"ID":54072,"name":"Hazen Paper Company v. Biggins","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1992\/91-1600","view_count":0,"docket_number":"91-1600","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Hazen Paper Co., Robert Hazen, Thomas N. Hazen ","second_party":"Walter F. Biggins","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[726904800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36997"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[735282000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/36998"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[709189200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53575"}],"lower_court":{"ID":6,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/6"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EHazen Paper Company fired Walter F. Biggins, a 62-year-old employee who worked for Hazen for just under 10 years.  Biggins\u2019 pension was set to vest at the completion of 10 years of service.  Biggins sued Hazen and its owners, alleging that his termination violated the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and several provisions of the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).  At trial, the jury ruled in favor of Biggins, finding that Hazen violated ERISA and \u201cwillfully\u201d violated the ADEA.  The willful violation gave rise to liquidated damages.  The district court judge granted Hazen\u2019s motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, reversing the finding of willfulness which eliminated the liquidated damages.  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit affirmed the jury verdict and reversed the finding of willfulness, holding that Hazen knowingly violated the ADEA by showing a \u201creckless disregard\u201d for the matter.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the Courts below err in sustaining Biggin\u0027s claim under the ADEA, where the finding of age discrimination was based on pension vesting?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDid the Court of Appeals err in reinstating an award of liquidated damages for willful ADEA violation that had been set aside by the District Court?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, no.  Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor, writing for a unanimous court, vacated the court of appeals\u0027 judgment and remanded for further proceedings.  The Supreme Court held that interfering with an employee\u2019s pension does not automatically violate the ADEA, though it is a clear ERISA violation.  While older employees may have more years of service, age and years of service are independent of each other.  On remand, the court of appeals should reconsider whether there is sufficient evidence to support an ADEA violation independent of the pension interference.  The Court also held that the court of appeals applied the proper definition of willfulness.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Anthony M. Kennedy concurred, noting that nothing in the majority opinion should be read as supporting the \u201cdisparate impact\u201d theory of Title VII.  Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":35597,"name":"Maurice M. 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