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Federal law imposes mandatory sentence enhancement penalties, specifically 30 years for a \u0022machinegun\u0022, if a defendant \u0022during and in relation to . . . [a] drug trafficking crime[,] uses . . . a firearm.\u0022 A jury convicted Smith on all counts, which triggered the sentence enhancement. On appeal, Smith argued that the federal penalty for using a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense covers only situations in which the firearm is used as a weapon, not as a medium of exchange. The Court of Appeals disagreed. It held that the plain language of the penalty does not require that a firearm be used as a weapon, but that it applies to any use of a gun that facilitates, in any fashion, the perpetration of a drug offense.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes trading a gun for drugs make a convicted defendant eligible for sentence enhancement under a federal law, which requires such treatment if the defendant \u0022during and in relation to . . . [a] drug trafficking crime[,] uses . . . a firearm?\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 6-3 decision, authored by Justice Sandra Day O\u0027Connor, the Court ruled that a criminal who trades his or her firearm for drugs \u0022uses\u0022 it \u0022during and in relation to . . . [a] drug trafficking crime,\u0022 which is within the bounds of the sentence enhancement. Justice O\u0027Connor wrote that Congress intended to make the word \u0022use\u0022 as broad as possible when it wrote the law. 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