{"ID":54280,"name":"J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel T.B.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1993\/92-1239","view_count":0,"docket_number":"92-1239","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"J.E.B.","second_party":"Alabama ex rel T.B.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[752220000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37390"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[766731600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37391"}],"lower_court":{"ID":76,"name":"State appellate court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_appellate_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAlabama, acting on behalf of T.B. (the mother), sought paternity and child support from J.E.B.(the putative father). A jury found for T.B. In forming the jury, Alabama used its peremptory strikes to eliminate nine of the ten men who were in the jury pool; J.E.B. use a peremptory challenge to strike a tenth man in the pool.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas the use of peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely because of their gender a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. The Constitution\u0027s guarantee of equal protection bars the exclusion of potential jurors on the basis of their sex, just as it bars exclusion on the basis of race. \u0022[G]ender-based classifications,\u0022 wrote Justice Harry Blackmun for the majority, \u0022require \u0027an exceedingly persuasive justification\u0027 in order to survive constitutional scrutiny.\u0022 As a consequence, \u0022[P]arties still may remove jurors whom they feel might be less acceptable than others on the panel; gender simply may not serve as a proxy for bias.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34124,"name":"Lois N. Brasfield","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lois_n_brasfield","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brasfield","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"lois_n_brasfield"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16295"},{"advocate":{"ID":32476,"name":"John F. Porter, III","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_f_porter_iii","view_count":0,"last_name":"Porter,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"john_f_porter_iii"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16296"},{"advocate":{"ID":35719,"name":"Michael R. Dreeben","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/michael_r_dreeben","view_count":0,"last_name":"Dreeben","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"michael_r_dreeben"},"advocate_description":"As amicus curiae, supporting the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16297"},{"advocate":{"ID":34106,"name":"Lois B. Brasfield","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lois_b_brasfield","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brasfield","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"lois_b_brasfield"},"advocate_description":"for respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16298"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":20660,"title":"Oral Argument - November 02, 1993","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/20660"}],"citation":{"volume":"511","page":"127","year":"1994","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/18209"},"decisions":[{"description":null,"votes":[{"member":{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"majority","joining":null,"seniority":2,"ideology":-1.94,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169391"},{"member":{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":[{"ID":15049,"name":"Antonin Scalia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/antonin_scalia","view_count":0,"last_name":"Scalia","roles":[{"id":2693,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1455343200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2693"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32678,"mime":"image\/png","size":58944,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/antonin_scalia\/antonin_scalia.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":10732,"identifier":"antonin_scalia"}],"seniority":1,"ideology":1.873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169392"},{"member":{"ID":15060,"name":"John Paul Stevens","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_paul_stevens","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stevens","roles":[{"id":2704,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":188200800,"date_end":1277787600,"appointing_president":"Gerald Ford","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2704"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32732,"mime":"image\/png","size":62101,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_paul_stevens\/john_paul_stevens.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12611,"identifier":"john_paul_stevens"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":3,"ideology":-2.599,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169393"},{"member":{"ID":15092,"name":"Sandra Day O\u0027Connor","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor","view_count":0,"last_name":"O\u0027Connor","roles":[{"id":2736,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":370242000,"date_end":1138687200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2736"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32763,"mime":"image\/png","size":49563,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor\/sandra_day_oconnor.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8894,"identifier":"sandra_day_oconnor"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"concurrence","joining":null,"seniority":4,"ideology":1.014,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169394"},{"member":{"ID":15049,"name":"Antonin Scalia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/antonin_scalia","view_count":0,"last_name":"Scalia","roles":[{"id":2693,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1455343200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2693"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32678,"mime":"image\/png","size":58944,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/antonin_scalia\/antonin_scalia.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":10732,"identifier":"antonin_scalia"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":null,"seniority":5,"ideology":2.661,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169395"},{"member":{"ID":15113,"name":"Anthony M. Kennedy","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/anthony_m_kennedy","view_count":0,"last_name":"Kennedy","roles":[{"id":2757,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":572162400,"date_end":1533013200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2757"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32679,"mime":"image\/png","size":47100,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/anthony_m_kennedy\/anthony_m_kennedy.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11121,"identifier":"anthony_m_kennedy"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"special concurrence","joining":null,"seniority":6,"ideology":0.883,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169396"},{"member":{"ID":15042,"name":"David H. Souter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_h_souter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Souter","roles":[{"id":2686,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":655362000,"date_end":1246251600,"appointing_president":"George H. W. Bush","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2686"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32703,"mime":"image\/png","size":42141,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/david_h_souter\/david_h_souter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6839,"identifier":"david_h_souter"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":7,"ideology":-0.223,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169397"},{"member":{"ID":15100,"name":"Clarence Thomas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/clarence_thomas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Thomas","roles":[{"id":2744,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":688194000,"date_end":0,"appointing_president":"George H. W. Bush","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2744"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32680,"mime":"image\/png","size":49064,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/clarence_thomas\/clarence_thomas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12518,"identifier":"clarence_thomas"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15049,"name":"Antonin Scalia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/antonin_scalia","view_count":0,"last_name":"Scalia","roles":[{"id":2693,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1455343200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2693"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32678,"mime":"image\/png","size":58944,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/antonin_scalia\/antonin_scalia.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":10732,"identifier":"antonin_scalia"}],"seniority":8,"ideology":3.422,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169398"},{"member":{"ID":15084,"name":"Ruth Bader Ginsburg","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg","view_count":0,"last_name":"Ginsburg","roles":[{"id":2728,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":744958800,"date_end":1600405200,"appointing_president":"Bill Clinton","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2728"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32681,"mime":"image\/png","size":45030,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg\/ruth_bader_ginsburg.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9901,"identifier":"ruth_bader_ginsburg"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":9,"ideology":-0.202,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/169399"}],"majority_vote":6,"minority_vote":3,"winning_party":"J.E.B.","decision_type":"majority opinion","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_decision\/case_decision\/12346"}],"first_party_label":"Petitioner","second_party_label":"Respondent","heard_by":[{"ID":15239,"name":"Rehnquist Court (1993-1994)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/rehnquist9","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},{"ID":15060,"name":"John Paul Stevens","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_paul_stevens","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stevens","roles":[{"id":2704,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":188200800,"date_end":1277787600,"appointing_president":"Gerald Ford","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2704"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32732,"mime":"image\/png","size":62101,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_paul_stevens\/john_paul_stevens.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12611,"identifier":"john_paul_stevens"},{"ID":15092,"name":"Sandra Day O\u0027Connor","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor","view_count":0,"last_name":"O\u0027Connor","roles":[{"id":2736,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":370242000,"date_end":1138687200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2736"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32763,"mime":"image\/png","size":49563,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor\/sandra_day_oconnor.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8894,"identifier":"sandra_day_oconnor"},{"ID":15049,"name":"Antonin Scalia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/antonin_scalia","view_count":0,"last_name":"Scalia","roles":[{"id":2693,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1455343200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2693"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32678,"mime":"image\/png","size":58944,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/antonin_scalia\/antonin_scalia.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":10732,"identifier":"antonin_scalia"},{"ID":15113,"name":"Anthony M. Kennedy","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/anthony_m_kennedy","view_count":0,"last_name":"Kennedy","roles":[{"id":2757,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":572162400,"date_end":1533013200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2757"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32679,"mime":"image\/png","size":47100,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/anthony_m_kennedy\/anthony_m_kennedy.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11121,"identifier":"anthony_m_kennedy"},{"ID":15042,"name":"David H. Souter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_h_souter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Souter","roles":[{"id":2686,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":655362000,"date_end":1246251600,"appointing_president":"George H. W. Bush","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2686"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32703,"mime":"image\/png","size":42141,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/david_h_souter\/david_h_souter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6839,"identifier":"david_h_souter"},{"ID":15100,"name":"Clarence Thomas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/clarence_thomas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Thomas","roles":[{"id":2744,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":688194000,"date_end":0,"appointing_president":"George H. W. Bush","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2744"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32680,"mime":"image\/png","size":49064,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/clarence_thomas\/clarence_thomas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12518,"identifier":"clarence_thomas"},{"ID":15084,"name":"Ruth Bader Ginsburg","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg","view_count":0,"last_name":"Ginsburg","roles":[{"id":2728,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":744958800,"date_end":1600405200,"appointing_president":"Bill Clinton","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2728"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32681,"mime":"image\/png","size":45030,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg\/ruth_bader_ginsburg.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9901,"identifier":"ruth_bader_ginsburg"}],"court_start":744958800,"images":[{"id":12252,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":52756,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/rehnquist9.jpg"}],"identifier":"rehnquist9"}],"decided_by":{"ID":15239,"name":"Rehnquist Court (1993-1994)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/rehnquist9","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},{"ID":15060,"name":"John Paul Stevens","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_paul_stevens","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stevens","roles":[{"id":2704,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":188200800,"date_end":1277787600,"appointing_president":"Gerald Ford","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2704"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32732,"mime":"image\/png","size":62101,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_paul_stevens\/john_paul_stevens.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12611,"identifier":"john_paul_stevens"},{"ID":15092,"name":"Sandra Day O\u0027Connor","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor","view_count":0,"last_name":"O\u0027Connor","roles":[{"id":2736,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":370242000,"date_end":1138687200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2736"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32763,"mime":"image\/png","size":49563,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor\/sandra_day_oconnor.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8894,"identifier":"sandra_day_oconnor"},{"ID":15049,"name":"Antonin Scalia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/antonin_scalia","view_count":0,"last_name":"Scalia","roles":[{"id":2693,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1455343200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2693"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32678,"mime":"image\/png","size":58944,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/antonin_scalia\/antonin_scalia.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":10732,"identifier":"antonin_scalia"},{"ID":15113,"name":"Anthony M. Kennedy","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/anthony_m_kennedy","view_count":0,"last_name":"Kennedy","roles":[{"id":2757,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":572162400,"date_end":1533013200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2757"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32679,"mime":"image\/png","size":47100,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/anthony_m_kennedy\/anthony_m_kennedy.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11121,"identifier":"anthony_m_kennedy"},{"ID":15042,"name":"David H. Souter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_h_souter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Souter","roles":[{"id":2686,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":655362000,"date_end":1246251600,"appointing_president":"George H. W. Bush","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2686"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32703,"mime":"image\/png","size":42141,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/david_h_souter\/david_h_souter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6839,"identifier":"david_h_souter"},{"ID":15100,"name":"Clarence Thomas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/clarence_thomas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Thomas","roles":[{"id":2744,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":688194000,"date_end":0,"appointing_president":"George H. W. Bush","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2744"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32680,"mime":"image\/png","size":49064,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/clarence_thomas\/clarence_thomas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12518,"identifier":"clarence_thomas"},{"ID":15084,"name":"Ruth Bader Ginsburg","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg","view_count":0,"last_name":"Ginsburg","roles":[{"id":2728,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":744958800,"date_end":1600405200,"appointing_president":"Bill Clinton","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2728"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32681,"mime":"image\/png","size":45030,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg\/ruth_bader_ginsburg.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9901,"identifier":"ruth_bader_ginsburg"}],"court_start":744958800,"images":[{"id":12252,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":52756,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/rehnquist9.jpg"}],"identifier":"rehnquist9"},"term":"1993","location":{"latitude":34.67283,"longitude":-86.034732,"name":"Jackson Circuit Court","street":"102 East Laurel StreetScottsboro AL 35768","city":"Scottsboro","province":"AL","postal_code":"35768","province_name":"Alabama"},"opinion_announcement":[{"id":20183,"title":"Opinion Announcement - April 19, 1994","unavailable":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/opinion_announcement_audio\/20183"}],"description":null,"written_opinion":[{"id":4582,"title":"Syllabus","author":null,"type":{"value":"syllabus","label":"Syllabus"},"justia_opinion_id":1959474,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/511\/127\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/4582"},{"id":4583,"title":"View Case","author":null,"type":{"value":"case","label":null},"justia_opinion_id":1959475,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/511\/127\/case.html","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/4583"}],"related_cases":null,"justia_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/511\/127\/","argument2_url":null}