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The Supreme Court\u0027s ruling in \u003Cem\u003ELampf v Gilbertson\u003C\/em\u003E (1991) set a universal time limit of three years after an alleged violation for suits stemming from the relevant portion the Securities and Exchange Act. Based on this ruling, a district court judge dismissed the shareholders\u0027 case on August 13, 1991. On December 19, 1991, Congress enacted the FDIC Improvement Act, which required courts to reinstate cases dismissed under the Supreme Court\u0027s limitation in \u003Cem\u003ELampf\u003C\/em\u003E. The shareholders filed a motion to reinstate. A district court judge agreed the act required the case be reinstated, but denied the request on the ground that Congress had violated separation of powers in requiring the courts to reopen settled matters. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed the lower court\u0027s conclusion on the same ground.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid Congress violate separation of powers by requiring federal courts reopen settled cases as part of the FDIC Improvement Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 7-2 opinion authored by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court concluded that Congress had usurped power assigned to the judiciary by Article III and thus had violated the separation of powers principle. Justice Scalia notes that Article III assigns to the courts the \u0022judicial power of the United States\u0022 and the power to \u0022say what the law is.\u0022 According to the Court, this clearly includes \u0022the power to render final judgments,\u0022 and by enacting what Justice Scalia describes as \u0022retroactive legislation, that is, legislation that prescribes what the law \u003Cem\u003Ewas\u003C\/em\u003E at an earlier time,\u0022 Congress intruded upon the power of the courts to issue \u0022the last word of the judicial department with regard to a particular case or controversy.\u0022 Thus, Congress had violated separation of powers.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":43817,"name":"William H. 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