{"ID":54282,"name":"Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter, Communities for a Great Oregon","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1994\/94-859","view_count":0,"docket_number":"94-859","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Babbitt, Secretary Of Interior, et al.","second_party":"Sweet Home Chapter Of Communities For A Great Oregon et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[798094800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37394"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[804402000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37395"}],"lower_court":{"ID":16,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/16"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Endangered Species Act requires that no person \u0022take\u0022 an endangered or threatened species. The Act defines take as \u0022harass, harm, pursue,\u0022 \u0022wound,\u0022 or \u0022kill.\u0022 The Secretary of the Interior further characterizes \u0022harm\u0022 as including \u0022significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife.\u0022 Several persons within forestry industries sued the Secretary, asserting that Congress did not intend for the regulation to include changes in habitat. The District Court found for the Secretary of the Interior.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court of Appeals reversed on the basis of noscitur a sociis, which means that the meaning of words is determined by the words around it. Thus, \u0022harm\u0022 could only include actions applying direct force to the animal.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the definition of \u0022harm\u0022 as an expansion of the word \u0022take\u0022 in the Endangered Species Act include habitat modification that kills or injures wildlife?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 6-3 decision written by Justice John Paul Stevens, the Supreme Court held that habitat modification is a legitimate application of the word \u0022harm.\u0022 First, the Court found that the Court of Appeals was incorrect in assuming that the words in the definition of \u0022take\u0022 only apply to actions involving direct contact with endangered animals. Then, based on the Act itself, the Court determined that the ordinary meaning of harm would in fact include changes in habitat that hurt the endangered animals. 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