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The government claimed that because LEC- controlled phone lines could also transmit video signals, allowing LECs to provide video programming would hurt competing cable companies. First, LECs could deny competitors access to their data lines. Second, LECs could offer lower cable prices than competitors by raising the costs of telephone service and using the extra profits to subsidize the costs of cable service.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of Virginia (Chesapeake) challenged the constitutionality of the statute, pointing out that \u0022video programming\u0022 is a form of speech protected by the First Amendment. The government argued that the statute\u0027s regulation of the cable market had a \u0022content-neutral\u0022 objective. The District Court ruled that the statute\u0027s restrictions were not \u0022narrowly tailored\u0022 to serve the statute\u0027s objective. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed, adding that the statute did not leave open \u0022ample alternative channels for communication\u0022 between LECs and local residents. The Supreme Court consolidated the case with \u003Cem\u003ENational Cable Television Assn., Inc. v. Bell Atlantic Corp\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes 47 U.S.C. 533(b), which bars local telephone companies from directly providing video programming to their local phone service subscribers, violate the First Amendment\u0027s protection of free speech?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EUnanswered. After the Court heard oral arguments, the President signed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 into law. The Act repealed Section 533(b), allowing LECs to provide local cable service if they complied with a series of regulatory measures. 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