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The United States brought suit against Virginia and VMI alleging that the school\u0027s male-only admissions policy was unconstitutional insofar as it violated the Fourteenth Amendment\u0027s equal protection clause. On appeal from a District Court ruling favoring VMI, the Fourth Circuit reversed. It found VMI\u0027s admissions policy to be unconstitutional. Virginia, in response to the Fourth Circuit\u0027s reversal, proposed to create the Virginia Women\u0027s Institute for Leadership (VWIL) as a parallel program for women. On appeal from the District Court\u0027s affirmation of the plan, the Fourth Circuit ruled that despite the difference in prestige between the VMI and VWIL, the two programs would offer \u0022substantively comparable\u0022 educational benefits. The United States appealed to the Supreme Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Virginia\u0027s creation of a women\u0027s-only academy, as a comparable program to a male-only academy, satisfy the Fourteenth Amendment\u0027s Equal Protection Clause?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 7-to-1 decision, the Court held that VMI\u0027s male-only admissions policy was unconstitutional. Because it failed to show \u0022exceedingly persuasive justification\u0022 for VMI\u0027s gender-biased admissions policy, Virginia violated the Fourteenth Amendment\u0027s equal protection clause. Virginia failed to support its claim that single-sex education contributes to educational diversity because it did not show that VMI\u0027s male-only admissions policy was created or maintained in order to further educational diversity. Furthermore, Virginia\u0027s VWIL could not offer women the same benefits as VMI offered men. The VWIL would not provide women with the same rigorous military training, faculty, courses, facilities, financial opportunities, or alumni reputation and connections that VMI affords its male cadets. Finally, the Fourth Circuit\u0027s \u0022substantive comparability\u0022 between VMI and VWIL was misplaced. The Court held that the Fourth Circuit\u0027s \u0022substantive comparability\u0022 standard was a displacement of the Court\u0027s more exacting standard, requiring that \u0022all gender-based classifications today\u0022 be evaluated with \u0022heightened scrutiny.\u0022 When evaluated with such \u0022heightened scrutiny,\u0022 Virginia\u0027s plan to create the VWIL would not provide women with the same opportunities as VMI provides its men and so it failed to meet requirements of the equal protection clause. [NOTE: Justice Ginsburg\u0027s announcement of the Court\u0027s opinion may be considered an address to the American public. It is a plain-spoken and forceful summary of the majority position.]\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37685,"name":"Paul Bender","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/paul_bender","view_count":0,"last_name":"Bender","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"paul_bender"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16695"},{"advocate":{"ID":43165,"name":"Theodore B. 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