{"ID":54415,"name":"Lotus Development Corporation v. Borland International, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1995\/94-2003","view_count":0,"docket_number":"94-2003","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Lotus Development Corporation","second_party":"Borland International, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[821080800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37641"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[821772000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37642"}],"lower_court":{"ID":6,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/6"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ELotus Development Corporation (Lotus) copyrighted a computer spreadsheet program called Lotus 1-2-3. The program\u0027s menu options were arranged in a specific menu command hierarchy. Lotus 1-2-3 also allowed users to write \u0022macros,\u0022 which designate a certain series of commands to be executed with a single keystroke. Competing software-company Borland International, Inc. (Borland) released a similar program called Quattro that contained a program called \u0022Key Reader.\u0022 Lotus claimed that Key Reader infringed on its copyright because it copied Lotus 1-2-3 macros and arranged them according to the Lotus 1-2-3 menu command hierarchy. Borland explained that it did this to allow users already familiar with Lotus 1-2-3 to also operate Quattro and argued that the Lotus menu command hierarchy did not constitute copyright-protected material.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter the District Court ruled in favor of Lotus, Borland appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. The First Circuit reversed, holding that the command menu hierarchy was a \u0022method of operation\u0022 - a category excluded from copyright protection under 17 U.S.C.102(b).\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a computer program\u0027s menu command hierarchy a \u0022method of operation\u0022 under 17 U.S.C.102(b), and therefore uncopyrightable?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. The Supreme Court affirmed the First Circuit without opinion in an equally divided, per curiam decision. Justice John Paul Stevens did not take part in the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":26014,"name":"Gary L. Reback","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/gary_l_reback","view_count":0,"last_name":"Reback","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"gary_l_reback"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16615"},{"advocate":{"ID":27084,"name":"Henry B. 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