{"ID":54391,"name":"BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1995\/94-896","view_count":0,"docket_number":"94-896","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"BMW of North America, Inc.","second_party":"Gore","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[813387600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37598"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[832568400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37599"}],"lower_court":{"ID":22,"name":"Supreme Court of Alabama","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/22"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAfter purchasing a new vehicle from an authorized Alabama BMW dealership, Ira Gore, Jr. discovered that his new vehicle had been repainted. He sued BMW\u0027s American distributor (BMW), alleging that it committed fraud by failing to inform him that his car had been repainted. The Alabama Circuit Court entered judgment, following a jury verdict, awarding Gore $4,000 in compensatory damages and $4 million in punitive damages. On appeal from the trial judge\u0027s denial of BMW\u0027s post-trial petition to set aside the punitive damages as \u0027grossly excessive,\u0027 the Alabama Supreme Court ruled that the punitive damages were not so excessive as to violate BMW\u0027s Fourteenth Amendment right to due process. Due to a jury calculation error, however, the Alabama Supreme Court reduced Gore\u0027s punitive damage award to $2 million. BMW appealed to the Supreme Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EAssuming that Gore\u0027s punitive damage award was grossly excessive, does the Fourteenth Amendment\u0027s due process clause protect BMW from paying the award?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-to-4 decision, the Court held that while a state may impose punitive damages to further its interest in deterring unlawful conduct, the Fourteenth Amendment\u0027s due process clause prohibits states from imposing grossly excessive punishments on tort-feasors. In the present case, the punitive damage\u0027s excessive nature is indicated by the 500 to 1 ratio between the jury\u0027s punitive and actual damage awards, the relatively insignificant amount of damage, and the lack of statutory fines that remotely parallel the present award\u0027s magnitude. BMW\u0027s due process rights were also violated because it could not have possibly anticipated, nor did it receive fair notice, that it might face such a severe punishment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":15933,"name":"Mr. Andrew L. 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