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Cars automatically couple when they come together and one car\u0027s open knuckle engages the other car\u0027s closed knuckle. The drawbar pivots in its housing, allowing the knuckled end some lateral play to prevent moving cars from derailing on a curved track. As a consequence of this lateral movement, drawbars may remain off-center when cars are uncoupled and must be realigned manually to ensure proper coupling. William J. Hiles injured his back while attempting to realign an off-center drawbar on a car at one of Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Rail Company\u0027s yards. Hiles sued in Illinois state court, alleging that Norfolk \u0026amp; Western had violated Section 2 of the federal Safety Appliance Act (SAA), which requires that cars be equipped with \u0022couplers coupling automatically by impact, and capable of being uncoupled, without the necessity of individuals going between the ends of the vehicles.\u0022 The trial court granted Hiles a directed verdict on liability, and the state appellate court affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a railroad liable, under the federal Safety Appliance Act, for injuries incurred by a railroad employee while trying to straighten a misaligned drawbar?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a unanimous decision, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, the Court held that Section 2 of the Safety Appliance Act does not make a railroad liable as a matter of law for injuries incurred by a railroad employee while trying to straighten a misaligned drawbar. \u0022We are understandably hesitant to adopt a reading...that would suggest that almost every railroad car in service for nearly a century has been in violation of the SAA,\u0022 wrote Justice Thomas.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34809,"name":"Lawrence M. 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