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While that charge was pending, Robinson applied for a job with another company, which contacted Shell for an employment reference. Robinson, claiming that Shell gave him a negative reference in retaliation for his having filed the EEOC charge, then filed suit under Title VII, which makes it unlawful \u0022for an employer to discriminate against any of his employees or applicants for employment\u0022 who have availed themselves of Title VII\u0027s protections. The District Court dismissed the suit. In affirming, the en banc Court of Appeals held that the term \u0022employees\u0022 in Title VII refers only to current employees and therefore petitioner\u0027s claim was not justicible under Title VII.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the term \u0022employees,\u0022 as used in under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, includes former employees, such that a petitioner may bring suit against his or her former employer for post-employment actions allegedly taken in retaliation for having filed a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In an unanimous decision, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, the Court ruled that because the term \u0022employees,\u0022 as used Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, includes former employees, Robinson may sue Shell for its allegedly retaliatory post-employment actions. 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