{"ID":54501,"name":"Abrams v. Johnson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1996\/95-1425","view_count":0,"docket_number":"95-1425","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Abrams","second_party":"Johnson","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[850111200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37801"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[866696400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37802"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EFollowing a suit by Georgia residents challenging the constitutionality of a legislative redistricting plan (Miller v. Johnson, 515 US 900), and seeking an injunction against its further use, a District Court found the plan unconstitutional. On appeal, the Supreme Court affirmed - holding that race was a predominant factor in the plan\u0027s creation - and remanded it for redrafting. Shortly thereafter the composition of another of the plan\u0027s districts was challenged in a District Court which, after unsuccessfully deferring the matter to Georgia\u0027s Legislature for redrafting, drew its own plan creating one black-majority district in place of the proposed three. After the 1996 elections were held under the court\u0027s new plan, Abrams and several other voters challenged its constitutionality. Again, the Supreme Court granted certiorari.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the District Court\u0027s redistricting plan violate the 1965 Voting Rights Act or Article I of the Constitution, guaranteeing \u0022one person, one vote\u0022?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo, in a five-to-four decision. First, the Court held that in re-drafting the plans, the District Court had no obligation to preserve all three of the old plan\u0027s black-majority districts, if this would result in racial gerrymandering. Second, the Court supported the District Court\u0027s decision not to preserve two black-majority districts as it held that the area\u0027s black population was not sufficiently compact to sustain such a plan. Third, the Court ruled that the plan\u0027s creation of only one black-majority district would not violate the 1965 Voting Rights Act by causing a retrogression in the political position of Abrams and his fellow plaintiffs. The Court, in addition to noting Abrams\u0027 failure to meet his retrogression claim\u0027s population density requirement, found that in the last election, held under the challenged plan, all three black incumbents won re-election, two of whom while running against white candidates from white-majority districts. 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