{"ID":54515,"name":"Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1996\/95-1455","view_count":0,"docket_number":"95-1455","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Reno","second_party":"Bossier Parish School Board","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[850111200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37825"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[863413200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/37826"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Bossier Parrish School Board is subject to the preclearance requirements of ?5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Therefore, the Board must obtain the approval of either the Attorney General or the District Court before implementing any changes to a voting \u0022qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure.\u0022 Based on the 1990 census, the Board redrew its 12 single member districts, adopting the redistricting plan that the Attorney General had precleared for use in elections of the parish\u0027s governing body. The Board rejected a plan proposed by the NAACP, which would have created two majority black districts. The Attorney General then objected to the preclearance, finding that the NAACP plan demonstrated that black residents were sufficiently numerous and geographically compact to constitute a majority in two districts and that the Board\u0027s plan unnecessarily limited the opportunity for minority voters to elect their candidates of choice, thereby diluting their voting strength in violation of ?2 of the Act. Subsequently, the Attorney General withheld preclearance to prevent a violation of ?2 of the Act. The Board filed an action with the District Court. A three-judge panel granted the Board\u0027s preclearance request. The court rejected the contentions that a voting change\u0027s failure to satisfy ?2 of the Act constituted an independent reason to deny preclearance under ?5 and that a court must consider evidence of a ?2 violation as evidence of a discriminatory purpose under ?5.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMust preclearance be denied under ?5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 whenever a covered jurisdiction\u0027s new voting \u0022standard, practice, or procedure\u0022 violates ?2 of the Act? Is evidence that a new \u0022standard, practice, or procedure\u0022 has a dilutive impact irrelevant to the inquiry whether the covered jurisdiction acted with a discriminatory purpose under ?5 of the Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo and no. In an opinion authored by Justice Sandra Day O\u0027Conner, the Court ruled that preclearance under ?5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 may not be denied solely on the basis that a covered jurisdiction\u0027s new voting \u0022standard, practice, or procedure\u0022 violates ? 2 of the Act. Additionally, evidence showing that a jurisdiction\u0027s redistricting plan dilutes minorities\u0027 voting power may be relevant to establish a jurisdiction\u0027s \u0022intent to retrogress\u0022 under ?5 of the Act.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":35611,"name":"Michael A. Carvin","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/michael_a_carvin","view_count":0,"last_name":"Carvin","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"michael_a_carvin"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the appellees","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/16843"},{"advocate":{"ID":29235,"name":"John W. 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