{"ID":54664,"name":"Almendarez-Torres v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1997\/96-6839","view_count":0,"docket_number":"96-6839","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Almendarez-Torres","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[876805200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38104"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[890719200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38105"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003E8 USC section 1326(a) makes it a crime, punishable by up to two years in prison, for a deported alien to return to the United States without special permission. In 1998, Congress added subsection (b)(2), which authorizes a maximum prison term of 20 years for \u0022any alien described\u0022 in subsection (a), if the initial \u0022deportation was subsequent to a conviction for commission of an aggravated felony.\u0022 In 1995, Hugo Almendarez-Torres pleaded guilty to violating section 1326. Ultimately, the District Court sentenced Almendarez- Torres to 85 months\u0027 imprisonment. The court rejected his argument that, because his indictment failed to mention his aggravated felony convictions, the court could not sentence him to more than the maximum sentence authorized by section 1326(a). In affirming, the Court of Appeals held that subsection (b)(2) is a penalty provision which permits the imposition of a higher sentence when the unlawfully returning alien also has a record of prior convictions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes subsection (b)(2) of 8 USC section 1326(a), which forbids an alien who once was deported to return to the United States without special permission, define a separate crime?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Stephen G. 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