{"ID":54729,"name":"Kumho Tire Company, Ltd. v. Carmichael","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1998\/97-1709","view_count":0,"docket_number":"97-1709","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Kumho Tire Company, Ltd.","second_party":"Carmichael","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[913010400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38219"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[922168800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38220"}],"lower_court":{"ID":15,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/15"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1993, the right rear tire of a minivan driven by Patrick Carmichael blew out and the vehicle overturned. One passenger died in the accident and several others were severely injured. Subsequently, the Carmichaels brought a diversity suit against the Kumho Tire Company and others, claiming that the tire was defective. A significant part of the Carmichaels\u0027 case turned on the testimony of Dennis Carlson, Jr., an expert in tire failure analysis. Carlson intended to testify to support the Carmichaels\u0027 conclusion that a defect in the tire\u0027s manufacture or design caused the blow out. To support this conclusion, Carlson used a methodology that was partly disputed. Kumho moved to exclude Carlson\u0027s testimony on the ground that his methodology failed to satisfy Federal Rule of Evidence 702, which provides: \u0022If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact..., a witness qualified as an expert...may testify thereto in the form of an opinion.\u0022 The Federal District Court granted the motion, excluded Carlson\u0027s testimony, and entered summary judgment for Kumho. The court found that Carlson\u0027s methodology was insufficiently reliable. In reversing, the Court of Appeals concluded that a federal trial judge\u0027s \u0022gatekeeping\u0022 obligations under the Federal Rules of Evidence were limited to scientific context, and not Carlson\u0027s testimony, which the court characterized as skill-or experience-based.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a federal trial judge\u0027s \u0022gatekeeping\u0022 obligation, under the Federal Rules of Evidence, apply to testimony based on skill or experience as it does to testimony based on scientific knowledge?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In an opinion delivered by Justice Stephen G. Breyer, the Court held that a federal trial judge\u0027s \u0022gatekeeping\u0022 obligation applies not only to \u0022scientific\u0022 testimony, but to all expert testimony. Justice Breyer wrote for the Court that Federal Rule of Evidence 702 \u0022makes no relevant distinction between \u0027scientific\u0027 knowledge and \u0027technical\u0027 or \u0027other specialized knowledge. It makes clear that any such knowledge might become the subject of expert testimony.\u0022 The Court concluded that this interpretation of Rule 702 would insure that an expert witness\u0027s testimony rests on a reliable foundation and is relevant to the task at hand. The Court also concluded that the District Court\u0027s determination that Carlson\u0027s methodology was not reliable was within the court\u0027s discretion.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":29102,"name":"Joseph H. 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