{"ID":54703,"name":"Mitchell v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1998\/97-7541","view_count":0,"docket_number":"97-7541","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Mitchell","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[913183200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38172"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[923288400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38173"}],"lower_court":{"ID":8,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/8"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAmanda Mitchell and others were indicted for offenses arising from a conspiracy to distribute cocaine. Mitchell was charged with one count of conspiring to distribute five or more kilograms of cocaine. Mitchell pleaded guilty, but reserved the right to contest the drug quantity attributable to her under the conspiracy count during her sentencing hearing. Before accepting her plea, the District Court told Mitchell that she faced a mandatory minimum of 1 year in prison for distributing cocaine and a 10-year minimum for conspiracy if the government could show the required 5 kilograms. The court also explained to Mitchell that by pleading guilty she would be waiving her right \u0022at trial to remain silent.\u0022 At Mitchell\u0027s sentencing hearing, the District Court found, after hearing testimony that included some of Mitchell\u0027s codefendants, that Mitchell\u0027s alleged drug sales of 1 1\/2 to 2 ounces of cocaine twice a week for year and a half put her over the 5-kilogram threshold. Mitchell did not testify to rebut the Government\u0027s evidence about drug quantity; however, her counsel argued the quantity of cocaine attributable to her for sentencing purposes. The District Court ruled that as a consequence of Mitchell\u0027s guilty plea, she had no right to remain silent about her crime\u0027s details; found that the codefendants\u0027 testimony put her over the 5-kilogram threshold, thus mandating the 10-year minimum; and noted that her failure to testify was a factor in persuading the court to rely on the codefendants\u0027 testimony. The Court of Appeals affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a guilty plea in federal court waive a defendant\u0027s Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination during sentencing? When a defendant invokes his or her Fifth Amendment privilege during sentencing, may a trial court draw an adverse inference from the defendant\u0027s silence?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo and no. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, the Court held that in the federal criminal system, a guilty plea does not waive the self-incrimination privilege at sentencing and that a sentencing court may not draw an adverse inference from a defendant\u0027s silence in determining facts relating to the circumstances and details of the crime. \u0022Treating a guilty plea as a waiver of the privilege at sentencing would be a grave encroachment on the rights of defendants,\u0022 wrote Justice Kennedy for the Court. Justice Kennedy continued that \u0022by holding [Mitchell\u0027s] silence against her in determining the facts of the offense at the sentencing hearing, the District Court imposed an impermissible burden on the exercise of the constitutional right against compelled self-incrimination.\u0022 Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for the dissenting minority, expressed the view that, while the Court properly held Mitchell did not waive her privilege, she \u0022did not have the right to have the sentencer abstain from making the adverse inferences that reasonably flow from her failure to testify.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":41794,"name":"Steven A. 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