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The PTO\u0027s review board, the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences, upheld the examiner\u0027s decision. Zurko sought review in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In reviewing PTO\u0027s decision to deny Zurko\u0027s patent application, the Federal Circuit analyzed the PTO\u0027s factual finding using a \u0022clearly erroneous\u0022 standard of review, which generally governs appellate review of district court findings of fact (court\/court review), rather than the less stringent standards set forth in the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), which permit a court to set aside agency findings of fact found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or unsupported by substantial evidence. The court found the PTO\u0027s factual finding to be clearly erroneous. The Federal Circuit then heard the matter en banc. After examining relevant precedents, the en banc court concluded that its use of the stricter court\/court standard was legally proper. The Solicitor General, representing the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Q. Todd Dickinson, sought certiorari.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMust the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit use the framework set forth in the Administrative Procedure Act when reviewing the Patent and Trademark Office\u0027s findings of fact?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 6-3 opinion delivered by Justice Stephen G. Breyer, the Court held that the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit must use the framework set forth in the Administrative Procedure Act when reviewing PTO findings of fact. Justice Breyer wrote for the Court that, \u0022[A] close examination of the...cases reviewing PTO decisions do not reflect a well-established court\/court standard.\u0022 Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, joined by Justices Kennedy and Ginsburg, dissented, noting that at the time of the enactment of the APA judicial review of fact-finding by the PTO under the \u0022clearly erroneous\u0022 standard was an \u0022additional requiremen[t]...recognized by law.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":22349,"name":"Ernest Gellhorn","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ernest_gellhorn","view_count":0,"last_name":"Gellhorn","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"ernest_gellhorn"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the respondents","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/17358"},{"advocate":{"ID":35240,"name":"Lawrence G. 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