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When Virginia called Mark as a witness at Benjamin\u0027s subsequent criminal trial, Mark invoked his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. The trial court then admitted his statements to the police as declarations of an unavailable witness against penal interest. The court overruled Benjamin\u0027s objections that the statements were not against Mark\u0027s penal interest because they shifted responsibility for the crimes to Barker and Benjamin, and that their admission would violate the Sixth Amendment\u0027s Confrontation Clause. Subsequently, Benjamin was convicted of the DeFilippis murder and other crimes. In affirming, the Virginia Supreme Court found that the Confrontation Clause was satisfied because Mark\u0027s statements fell within a firmly rooted exception to the hearsay rule. The court also held that the statements were reliable because Mark knew that he was implicating himself as a participant in numerous crimes and because the statements were independently corroborated by other evidence at trial.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes trial evidence that includes out-of-court statements, that admit some wrongdoing but place primary blame on the defendant, by an alleged, nontestifying accomplice violate a criminal defendant\u0027s Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause right to confront all adverse witnesses?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. 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