{"ID":54796,"name":"Martinez v. Court of Appeals of Cal., Fourth Appellate Dist.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1999\/98-7809","view_count":0,"docket_number":"98-7809","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Martinez","second_party":"Court of Appeals of Cal., Fourth Appellate Dist.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[942127200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38342"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[947656800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38343"}],"lower_court":{"ID":76,"name":"State appellate court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_appellate_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ESalvador Martinez, a self-described self-taught paralegal with 25 years of experience at 12 different law firms, was working for a Santa Ana, California law firm when a client gave him $6,000.00 to bail her boyfriend out of jail. The bail was never posted and Martinez was subsequently charged with grand theft and the fraudulent appropriation of the property of another. Martinez chose to represent himself at trial before a jury, which acquitted him of theft, but convicted him of embezzlement. Martinez then filed a timely notice of appeal, a motion to represent himself, and a waiver of counsel. The motion to represent himself was denied by the California Court of Appeal. The court explained: \u0022There is no constitutional right to self-representation on the initial appeal as of right. The right to counsel on appeal stems from the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, not from the Sixth Amendment....The denial of self-representation at this level does not violate due process or equal protection guarantees.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a criminal defendant have a constitutional right to choose to represent himself on direct appeal?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice John Paul Stevens, the Court held that here is no constitutional right to self-representation on direct appeal from a criminal conviction. \u0022We are not aware of any historical consensus establishing a right of self-representation on appeal,\u0022 wrote Justice Stevens for the Court. Noting that the rights established by the Sixth Amendment \u0022are presented strictly as rights that are available in preparation for trial and at the trial itself\u0022 and that the Amendment \u0022does not include any right to appeal,\u0022 Justice Stevens concluded, \u0022[i]t necessarily follows that the Amendment itself does not provide any basis for finding a right to self-representation on appeal.\u0022 Justice Stevens added \u0022[o]ur experience has taught us that \u0022a pro se defense is usually a bad defense, particularly when compared to a defense provided by an experienced criminal defense attorney.\u0022 Justices Anthony M. Kennedy, Stephen G. Breyer, and Antonin Scalia wrote concurring opinions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":40034,"name":"Ronald D. 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