{"ID":54790,"name":"California Democratic Party v. Jones","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1999\/99-401","view_count":0,"docket_number":"99-401","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"California Democratic Party","second_party":"Jones","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[956552400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38330"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[961995600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38331"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn California, candidates for public office can gain access to the general ballot by winning a qualified political party\u0027s primary. In 1996, voter approved Proposition 198 changed California\u0027s partisan primary from a closed primary, in which only a political party\u0027s members can vote on its nominees, to a blanket primary, in which each voter\u0027s ballot lists every candidate regardless of party affiliation and allows the voter to choose freely among them. The candidate of each party who wins the most votes is that party\u0027s nominee for the general election. The California Democratic Party, the California Republican Party, the Libertarian Party of California, and the Peace and Freedom Party have historically prohibited nonmembers from voting in their party\u0027s primary. Each political party filed suit against Bill Jones, the California Secretary of State, alleging that the blanket primary violated their First Amendment right of association. Jones countered that a blanket primary will intensify the election and allow for better representation in elected office. Siding with Jones, the District Court held that the primary\u0027s burden on the parties\u0027 associational rights was not severe and was justified by substantial state interests. The Court of Appeals affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes California\u0027s voter approved Proposition 198, which changes its partisan primary from a closed primary to a blanket primary, violate political parties\u0027 First Amendment right of association?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 7-2 opinion delivered by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court held that California\u0027s blanket primary violates a political party\u0027s First Amendment right of association. \u0022Proposition 198 forces political parties to associate with -- to have their nominees, and hence their positions, determined by -- those who, at best, have refused to affiliate with the party, and, at worst, have expressly affiliated with a rival,\u0022 wrote Justice Antonin Scalia for the majority. \u0022A single election in which the party nominee is selected by nonparty members could be enough to destroy the party.\u0022 Justice Scalia went on to state for the Court that Proposition 198 takes away a party\u0027s \u0022basic function\u0022 to choose its own leaders and is functionally \u0022both severe and unnecessary.\u0022 Justices John Paul Stevens and Ruth Bader Ginsburg dissented. \u0022This Court\u0027s willingness to invalidate the primary schemes of 3 States and cast serious constitutional doubt on the schemes of 29 others at the parties\u0027 behest is,\u0022 Justice Stevens wrote, \u0022an extraordinary intrusion into the complex and changing election laws of the States.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":42756,"name":"Thomas F. 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