{"ID":54825,"name":"Weeks v. Angelone","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1999\/99-5746","view_count":0,"docket_number":"99-5746","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Weeks","second_party":"Angelone","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[944460000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38398"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[948261600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38399"}],"lower_court":{"ID":9,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/9"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ELonnie Weeks, Jr., was found guilty of capital murder in the death of Virginia State Trooper Jose Cavazos. During the penalty phase of his trial, the prosecution sought to prove two aggravating circumstances. Weeks\u0027 defense presented 10 witnesses in mitigation. During deliberations, the jurors sent the trial judge a note asking whether, if they believed Weeks guilty of at least one of the aggravating circumstances, it was their duty to issue the death penalty, or whether they must decide whether to issue the death penalty or a life sentence. In responding, the trial judge only referred the jury to their instructions, which stated: \u0022If you find from the evidence that the Commonwealth has proved, beyond a reasonable doubt, either of the two [aggravating circumstances], and as to that alternative, you are unanimous, then you may fix the punishment...at death, or if you believe from all the evidence that the death penalty is not justified, then you shall fix the punishment...at life imprisonment.\u0022 The defense counsel objected, arguing for the judge to instruct the jury it could find one or both of the aggravating circumstances and still impose a life sentence. In finding one of the aggravating circumstances and after considering the evidence in mitigation, the jury returned a unanimous verdict fixing Weeks\u0027 punishment at death. On appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court, Weeks\u0027 presented 47 assignments of error, of which his assignment of error respecting the judge\u0027s answering the jury\u0027s question about mitigating circumstances was number 44. The court affirmed Weeks\u0027 conviction and sentence. Weeks\u0027 petition for federal habeas relief was ultimately denied.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the Constitution\u0027s due process requirement violated when a trial judge directs a capital jury\u0027s attention to a specific paragraph of a constitutionally sufficient instruction in response to a question regarding the proper consideration of mitigating circumstances?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, the Court held that the Constitution was not violated by the Virginia trial judge who, during a capital trial\u0027s penalty phase, directed the jury\u0027s attention to the allegedly ambiguous paragraph of the jury\u0027s instruction in response to the jury\u0027s question as to mitigating evidence. \u0022Given that petitioner\u0027s jury was adequately instructed, and given that the trial judge responded to the jury\u0027s question by directing its attention to the precise paragraph of the constitutionally adequate instruction that answers its inquiry, the question becomes whether the Constitution requires anything more,\u0022 wrote Chief Justice Rehnquist, \u0022[w]e hold that it does not.\u0022 Writing for the dissenting minority, Justice John Paul Stevens argued that \u0022[t]he record in this case establishes, not just a \u0027reasonable likelihood\u0027 of jury confusion, but a virtual certainty that the jury did not realize that there were two distinct legal bases for concluding that a death sentence was not \u0027justified.\u0027\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":36425,"name":"Mark E. 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