{"ID":54775,"name":"Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1999\/99-62","view_count":0,"docket_number":"99-62","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Santa Fe Independent School District","second_party":"Doe","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[954309600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38305"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[961390800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38306"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EPrior to 1995, a student elected as Santa Fe High School\u0027s student council chaplain delivered a prayer, described as overtly Christian, over the public address system before each home varsity football game. One Mormon and one Catholic family filed suit challenging this practice and others under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The District Court enjoined the public Santa Fe Independent School District (the District) from implementing its policy as it stood. While the suit was pending, the District adopted a new policy, which permitted, but did not require, student-initiated and student-led prayer at all the home games and which authorized two student elections, the first to determine whether \u0022invocations\u0022 should be delivered at games, and the second to select the spokesperson to deliver them. After the students authorized such prayers and selected a spokesperson, the District Court entered an order modifying the policy to permit only nonsectarian, nonproselytizing prayer. The Court of Appeals held that, even as modified by the District Court, the football prayer policy was invalid. The District petitioned for a writ of certiorari, claiming its policy did not violate the Establishment Clause because the football game messages were private student speech, not public speech.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Santa Fe Independent School District\u0027s policy permitting student-led, student-initiated prayer at football games violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 6-3 opinion delivered by Justice John Paul Stevens, the Court held that the District\u0027s policy permitting student-led, student-initiated prayer at football games violates the Establishment Clause. The Court concluded that the football game prayers were public speech authorized by a government policy and taking place on government property at government-sponsored school-related events and that the District\u0027s policy involved both perceived and actual government endorsement of the delivery of prayer at important school events. Such speech is not properly characterized as \u0022private,\u0022 wrote Justice Stevens for the majority. In dissent, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, joined by Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, noted the \u0022disturbing\u0022 tone of the Court\u0027s opinion that \u0022bristle[d] with hostility to all things religious in public life.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":29486,"name":"John Cornyn","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_cornyn","view_count":0,"last_name":"Cornyn","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"john_cornyn"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for Texas, et al., as amici curiae, by special leave of court, supporting the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/17445"},{"advocate":{"ID":33043,"name":"Jay Alan Sekulow","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/jay_alan_sekulow","view_count":0,"last_name":"Sekulow","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"jay_alan_sekulow"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/17446"},{"advocate":{"ID":16090,"name":"Anthony P. 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