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In 1998, the United States sued to enjoin the Cooperative and its executive director. The government argued that the Cooperative\u0027s activities violated the Controlled Substances Act\u0027s prohibitions on distributing, manufacturing, and possessing with the intent to distribute or manufacture a controlled substance. Although the District Court enjoined it, the Cooperative continued to distribute marijuana. Rejecting the Cooperative\u0027s medical necessity defense, the court found the Cooperative in contempt. On appeal, the Court of Appeals concluded that the medical necessity defense was a legally cognizable defense. On remand from the Court of Appeals, the District Court modified its injunction to incorporate a medical necessity defense, under which medically necessary distributions were to be permitted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a medical necessity exception to the Controlled Substances Act\u0027s prohibition on the manufacture and distribution of various drugs, including marijuana, exist?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In an 8-0 opinion delivered by Justice Clarence Thomas, the Court held that there is no medical necessity exception to the Controlled Substances Act\u0027s prohibitions on manufacturing and distributing marijuana. \u0022The statute reflects a determination that marijuana has no medical benefits worthy of an exception, \u0022 wrote Justice Thomas, therefore, \u0022medical necessity is not a defense to manufacturing and distributing marijuana.\u0022 Justice John Paul Stevens\u0027 concurring opinion, which was joined by Justices David H. 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