{"ID":54895,"name":"PGA TOUR, Inc. v. Martin","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2000\/00-24","view_count":0,"docket_number":"00-24","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"PGA TOUR, Inc.","second_party":"Martin","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[979711200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38531"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[991112400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38532"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ECasey Martin has a degenerative circulatory disorder that prevents him from walking golf courses. His disorder constitutes a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). When Martin made a request to use a golf cart for the duration of the qualification tournament onto the professional tours sponsored by PGA Tour, Inc., PGA refused. Martin then filed suit under Title III of the ADA, which requires an entity operating \u0022public accommodations\u0022 to make \u0022reasonable modifications\u0022 in its policies \u0022when... necessary to afford such...accommodations to individuals with disabilities, unless the entity can demonstrate that making such modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of such...accommodations.\u0022 Ultimately, the District Court entered a permanent injunction against PGA, requiring it to allow Martin to use a cart. The court found that the purpose of the PGA\u0027s walking rule was to insert fatigue into the skill of shot-making, and that Martin suffered significant fatigue due to his disability, even with the use of a cart. In affirming, the Court of Appeals concluded that golf courses are places of public accommodation during professional tournaments and that permitting Martin to use a cart would not fundamentally alter the nature of those tournaments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Col\u003E\u003Cli\u003EDoes the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 provide access to professional golf tournaments by a qualified entrant with a disability?\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMay a disabled contestant be denied the use of a golf cart because it would \u0022fundamentally alter the nature\u0022 of the tournaments to allow him to ride when all other contestants must walk?\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ol\u003E","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and no. In a 7-2 opinion delivered by Justice John Paul Stevens, the Court held that Title III of the ADA, by its plain terms, prohibits the PGA from denying Martin equal access to its tours on the basis of his disability and that allowing Martin to use a cart, despite the walking rule, is not a modification that would \u0022fundamentally alter the nature\u0022 of the game. \u0022The purpose of the walking rule is... not compromised in the slightest by allowing Martin to use a cart,\u0022 wrote Justice Stevens, noting Martin\u0027s fatiguing disability. Justice Antonin Scalia, joined by Justice Clarence Thomas, dissented.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":40329,"name":"Roy L. 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